Statsenko O. Nomination of human primary adaptive needs “food”, “warmth”, “safety” in the Russian language

The study is within modern cognitive linguistics framework that presupposes a clear anthropocentric approach to the study of linguistic phenomena, manifested in the tendency to research and explain linguistic phenomena taking into account the natural essence of a human being and their mental processes. The correlation between language, thinking and objective reality became an important trend of the recent linguistic research. The process of reflecting the surrounding reality by linguistic means is extremely complex. In particular, the same phenomena of reality often receive different nominative denotation. The choice of nomination and its motivation is determined by the mentality of a certain ethnic group. The basis for the nominative processes formation is human life experience, knowledge of the environmental objects, and understanding of their axiological properties. Knowledge about objects of reality or environment is the basis for producing its generalized and constant conceptual image, thus, the nomination takes place. Linguists’ attention to such kind of language activity as nomination of abstract concepts is caused by the fact that, on the one hand, it provides an opportunity to understand the essence of the nominative unit as a linguistic phenomenon in the correlation of its content and form and, on the other hand, to identify criteria for choosing a concept for verbalization in a real speech situation (discourse). The concepts of “food”, “warmth” and “safety” complex linguocognitive analysis is carried out in the study. The analysis is realized in the three-dimensional plane, namely: the origin and formation of their value essence in the mentality of Russian speakers in the archaic language world mapping; the use of established nominations and the formation of derived meanings in modern linguistic realities (advertising discourse), the internal relationship of these concepts and their correlation with social, cultural and personal factors; identification of the increasing importance of the concepts of “food”, “warmth”, “safety” in the human mind in extreme conditions and the reflection of this phenomena in the means of researched concepts verbalization (based on the discourse of А. Solzhenitsyn).