Lebskyi S. Substantiation and development of technology of biologically active additives of protein and lipid nature from the Black Sea grass shrimp (Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837)

In the dissertation work on the basis of the analysis of modern technologies of deep processing of crustaceans theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed expediency of processing of one of mass species of crustaceans of the Black Sea - Black Sea grass shrimp Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 for extraction of biologically active lipids and enzymes. The aim of the study is to develop a scientifically sound technology of biologically active lipids and enzyme preparations from Black Sea shrimp. The complex technology of crustacean processing on the example of Black Sea grass shrimp for extraction of lipid-carotenoid complex and enzyme preparations of collagenolytic action is theoretically substantiated. Among the lipids of crustaceans, a large number of phospholipids, fatty acids of the ω-3 family, and carotenoids have been identified. The object of research is the technology of biologically active compounds of lipid and protein nature. The subject of research is indicators of quality and safety of Black Sea shrimp in different periods of fishing, lipids extracts with carotenoids and a complex of enzymes with collagenolytic activity, changes in indicators during storage. The general scheme of carrying out researches is made. Research methods have been identified, which include organoleptic, physicochemical, structural-mechanical, microbiological, method of mathematical modeling and statistical processing of research results. The size and mass composition of Black Sea shrimp in different periods of commercial fishing (spring and autumn) was studied. The time of grinding of raw materials to the size of the predominant fraction of 3.00–3.50 mm to 85 %, which is 30 minutes. It was found that the specific activity of enzymes of collagenolytic action at the level of 91.76±2.01 units/mg of protein is provided at a concentration of ammonium sulfate 60–70 % of saturation, extraction in chilled acetone at -20 °C and the ratio of raw material and solvent 1:9. The permissible shelf life of Black Sea shrimp at -20° C for up to 6 months has been determined. The technological scheme of complex processing of inedible parts of the Black Sea grass shrimp has been improved. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the lipid-carotenoid concentrate (LKK) from the cephalothorax of Black Sea grass shrimp of different catch periods were determined. According to physicochemical parameters, LKK is characterized by a fat content of up to 99.78±0.99 %, carotenoids – up to 140.22±2.87 mg/g fat, acid number – 1.51±0.23 mg KOH/g fat, peroxide – up to 1.35±0.24 mmol act.O2/kg fat, thiobarbitur – 0.58±0.01–0.65±0.02 mg MA per 1 kg of fat and iodine value – 180±13.21–210±12.43 g J/100 g fat. Extraction of LCC is accompanied by an increase in the total amount of PUFA by 27.24–42.70; reducing the amount of MNZhK by 13.68–9.30; and the amount of NLC – by 28.69–32.19 %, respectively, from the raw materials of the spring and autumn catch periods. Terms of storage of LKK on indicators of peroxide and acid number of fat at a temperature of + 4 °C – to 10 months, at a temperature of -10° C – to 20 months are established. It has been proved that the concentrate of enzymes of collagenolytic action refers to biologically active compounds and can be recommended for use in the food industry and for the production of fish feed.