The PhD thesis is devoted to the definition of the principles of architectural and planning organisation of Crimean Tatar housing of the fifteenth and early twentieth centuries, the formation of the architectural and spatial organisation of Crimean Tatar housing and the preservation of historical architectural heritage.
The object of the research is Crimean Tatar housing in the structure of historical urban formations of the Crimea of the ХVth and early XXth centuries.
The subject of research is architectural, planning and spatial organisation.
The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters with conclusions to each chapter, general conclusions, a list of references, illustrative material and appendices.
The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic, defines the purpose, object, subject and methods of the study. The base of scientific sources is described, the scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research is revealed. The personal contribution of the applicant and the testing of the research materials are shown.
The functional and planning structure of Crimean Tatar houses in the districts of Crimea is studied and generalised. As a result of the research, four types of functional and planning organisation of residential buildings were identified.
The analysis made it possible to formulate the basic principle of the planning organisation of buildings. This is the principle of the phased formation of the functional and planning structure as a sign of the identity of Crimean Tatar residential architecture.
Based on the analysis of the source base and field research, the types of the architectural and spatial organisation of Crimean Tatar houses built in different regions of Crimea were identified: steppe, mountain, foothill, and southern coastal. These are ordinary, cantilever and cascade architectural and spatial organisation.
Most often, the house had both cantilevered parts and terraces. This becomes the main feature of Crimean Tatar architecture. The study has determined that the basis of the architectural and spatial organisation is the principle of cascading architectural form as a sign of the identity of Crimean Tatar residential architecture. Roofs and terraces were a feature of Crimean Tatar houses. The special significance and identity of the Crimean Tatar people are manifested in the design of the interior space of residential buildings.
Therefore, the research identifies the principle of ornamentation of the architectural form as a sign of the identity of residential Crimean Tatar architecture. This principle is used both for the outer surface and in the interior space of the premises. Thus, the study identified three principles that identify the planning and spatial organisation of Crimean Tatar housing and are a sign of identity.
The analysis of the historical Crimean Tatar settlements of Crimea by the nature of the preservation of their planning framework and residential heritage shows an unsatisfactory state of preservation. The process of destruction continues and requires urgent measures to preserve the remains of the architectural heritage. The process of conservation and designation of objects as architectural monuments is becoming increasingly problematic. The study has developed proposals for the protection of the heritage of Crimean Tatar housing, based on the medium approach of architectural heritage in general. The proposal concerns the creation of an open-air museum in the village of Kokkoz (Sokolyne), Bakhchysarai district. The second proposal is to consider creating a copy of a fragment of Crimean Tatar residential development on the territory of the National Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine, which is located on the southern outskirts of Kyiv, in the Holosiivskyi district, near the Pyrohiv area. As a method of preserving the identity of the Crimean Tatar residential architectural heritage, the research proposes the principle of museumification of folk architecture and traditional life. This principle is laid down as recommendations for the protection and preservation of the architectural heritage of the Crimean Tatar people.
