The dissertation is devoted to the results of an experimental complex pharmacognostic study of representatives of the Teucrium genus: Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L., establishing the content of the main classes of biologically active compounds and parameters of standardization of plant raw materials.
In experimental studies, using chemical reactions and instrumental methods on herb, leaves, roots, stems, and inflorescences of Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L. was determined the presence of such components as polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, monoterpenes, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, amino acids, hydrocarbons, tannins, sterols, iridoids, phenylpropanoids, tocopherols, chlorophylls, and carotenoids.
Using chemical and physicochemical methods, 117 components were qualitatively and quantitatively determined in the raw materials of the studied objects, namely: 3 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavonoids, 18 amino acids, 9 fatty acids, 3 sugars, 21 monoterpenes and their derivatives, 23 sesquiterpenes, 1 triterpene, 1 tocopherol, 3 sterols, 2 chlorophylls, 4 phenylpropanoids, 7 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 10 aldehydes and 4 ketones.
The qualitative composition and quantitative content of macro- and microelements in roots, inflorescences, leaves, stems and herb were investigated using the X-ray fluorescence method of analysis. The content of 13 micro- and macroelements was identified and determined
The qualitative and quantitative composition of the amino acids in the research objects indicate the presence of 18 amino acids, of which 7 are essential.
Determination of the content of volatile compounds was carried out by the method of gas chromatography with mass detection. 42 volatile components were detected in the extract of the herb Teucrium chamaedrys L..The highest concentration have hamazulene and viridiflorol. 44 volatile components were detected in the extract of the Teucrium montanum L. herb. Caryophyllene oxide, hermacrene D and eugenol have the highest concentration.
The study of the content of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids was carried out by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Chicory acid prevails in the largest quantity in the raw material of Teucrium chamaedrys L.. A high content of chlorogenic acid is characteristic of the raw material of Teucrium montanum L.. Among the flavonoids, rutin was found in the largest quantity in the raw material of Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L..
The study of the fatty acid composition of raw materials was carried out using the method of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Were identified 8 fatty acids in the lipophilic fraction of Teucrium chamaedrys L., and 9 fatty acids were identified in Teucrium montanum L., respectively.
The study of the quantitative content of polysaccharide fractions in the raw materials of Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L. showed that the content of water-soluble polysaccharides, hemicellulose A, hemicellulose B and pectin substances is similar.
The optimal parameters for the analysis of raw materials of Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L. were investigated for the content of the following BAC: flavonoids, oxycinnamic acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols and chlorophylls.
The choice of optimal conditions for the extraction of biologically active compounds from both types of raw materials is substantiated. The optimal extraction conditions are the use of raw materials with a grinding degree of 2-3 mm; use 70 % ethyl alcohol as an extractant; the ratio between raw materials and extractant is 1:20; extraction time - 45 minutes, multiplicity of extraction - 2.
Morphological-anatomical features of the raw materials of Teucrium chamaedrys L. and Teucrium montanum L. were determined.
To standardize the raw materials, the indicators of good quality were determined for the herb of Teucrium chamaedrys L., the herb of Teucrium montanum L., as well as for the dry extract of Teucrium chamaedrys L.. The projects of the quality control techniques for "Herb of Teucrium chamaedrys L.", "Herb of Teucrium montanum L.", and "Dry extract of Teucrium chamaedrys L." were developed.
According to the results of the study of the acute toxicity of the dry extract of Teucrium chamaedrys L., it was established that it belongs to the V class of toxicity (practically non-toxic substances) and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and anticonvulsant effects.
The novelty of the conducted research is confirmed by an application for a patent of Ukraine for a useful model "Method of standardization for the Teucrium chamaedrys L. herb in multi-component plant mixtures" (application № U 2023 05076).
The results of the pharmacognostic research were incorporated into the educational process and research work of related departments of higher education institutions in Ukraine.
