Sherstiuk M. Assessment of technogenic impact on the hydrosphere on the basis of basin management principles

The dissertation is devoted to solving the scientific and applied problem of reducing the level of technogenic load on the ecosystem of water supply sources, taking into account the impact of transboundary water bodies on them in the conditions of the existing system of basin water management. Based on the analysis, the dissertation reveals a tendency towards a constant deterioration in the quality of water in surface natural water bodies within the Dnipro basin due to man-made and transboundary water bodies' impact on them. The necessity of artificial regulation of the cycle "extraction - use - utilization - return to the natural environment" has been established and proved. The current unsatisfactory ecological state of water bodies shows that the problems in the field of water protection from pollution and depletion have not only not been solved but have also become much more acute, especially in recent years. The absence of a basin-wide principle of control, management, and responsibility for the ecological state of surface sources of drinking water supply leads to the fact that most often, the main polluting technogenically hazardous facilities that cause the ecological state of a surface source of drinking water are located in some regions, while the production and consumption of drinking water from this source take place in other regions. The essence of the management system will be to bring the composition of water to the required level for use for social and industrial purposes. Predicting changes in the environmental state of a water body should not solve the problem of managing water as a natural resource, but the problem of managing human activities that change the natural quality of the resource. The scoring assessment of the existing state of water bodies within the Psel River according to the proposed methodology showed that the most unfavorable environmental condition is in the outlet of industrial wastewater discharge. Options for improving the monitoring system within the river basin were proposed in order to predict changes in the ecological state of the Psel River due to technogenic load. Methodological support for the formation of a system of environmental monitoring of the surface waters of the basin was developed. Recommendations on the criteria for selecting the location of gauging stations and observation points for the state of watercourses are scientifically substantiated. The methodological support for monitoring the ecological state of surface waters in the conditions of emergency and unauthorized discharges of pollution has been developed. Measures related to emergency notification, organization, and monitoring of chemical parameters in case of emergency wastewater discharge have been identified. Assessment of the existing state of the Psel River according to the proposed methodology allowed: to substantiate the main stages of eutrophication of the reservoir; to identify the main pollutants that significantly affect its ecological state; to prove that the water, hydrochemical and thermal balances of the natural reservoir under the influence of thermal power plants have undergone significant changes; to develop an action plan for stabilization and restoration of the ecological well-being of the water body. The methodological support for monitoring the ecological state of surface waters in the conditions of emergency and unauthorized discharges of pollution has been developed. Measures related to emergency notification, organization and monitoring of chemical parameters in case of emergency wastewater discharge are defined.. Recommendations for the reconstruction of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment facilities in Sumy were developed. The practical significance of the dissertation is confirmed by acts of implementation in the activities of practical organizations and the educational process.