The presented qualifying scientific work is devoted to the previously
unexplored poetic potential of comparative and superlative forms in poetic language
and its artistic realization. This aspect of poetic morphology and morphological
poetics from the position of the modern anthropocentric approach to the study of the
facts of language and speech is monographically described for the first time.
The relevance of the research paper is determined by the general
anthropocentric orientation of modern linguistic studies and is determined by the
tasks of linguopoetics, which emphasizes the problems of studying the expressive
potential of grammatical units in poetic functioning and researching the ways of
forming poetic meanings in poetic texts at the grammatical and compositionalgrammatical levels. Comparative and superlative forms that function in modern
poetic language have not yet been considered in detail regarding their expressive
potential, which is capable of forming additional poetic meanings, and the
actualization of expressive possibilities, which determines the low degree of
development of the chosen topic. The problem of the presented research paper is
determined by the need to study semantics, expressive potential, functioning,
features of creating comparative and superlative forms and meanings, as well as their
status in the modern language of poetry.
The purpose of the research paper is to study the regularities of the
functioning of comparative and superlative forms, ways of actualization of the
grammatical meanings in such forms, and the peculiarities of the formation of poetic
meanings based on morphological semantics, as well as to characterize the
productivity of such forms and determine their place in the plane of language and
speech systems and relation to the norm.
The results. The research paper was carried out in line with the traditional
philological approach to the description and analysis of the poetic text as a system
of construction, conveyance, and realization of certain poetic meanings and aesthetic
attitudes through the exploitation of language resources, based on the semantic,
aesthetic and expressive potential of linguistic units that realize in poetry maximum of their lexical, morphological, formal-semantic and functional potential,
reproducing traditional and creating individual poetic meanings.
In the first chapter, attention has been given to the consideration of adjectives
and adverbs and their degrees of comparison as parts of speech that have a special
nature, which enables them to enter into close interaction with the linguistic
environment in a grammatical and semantic context; the basic categories and
properties of adjectives and adverbs as parts of speech that normatively form degrees
of comparison are considered, and the potential (morphological, semantic, stylistic,
etc.) possibilities of adjectives, adverbs and their degrees of comparison are
determined; the syntagmatic activity of these parts of speech, the mobility of their
meanings are characterized. The peculiarities of the linguopoetic study of adjectives
and adverbs, the grammatical status of these parts of speech and their degrees of
comparison, as well as the signs and characteristics of the poetic text that affect the
possibilities of their implementation are analyzed, and the principles of studying the
morphological level of poetry are highlighted.
In the presented study, special attention has been given to the theory of
markedness in terms of degrees of comparison. According to this theory, marked
forms get clear expression and expressiveness due to the intensification of their
semantics and complicated morpheme structure. Based on the analysis of the forms
of degrees of comparison, it is established that the forms of the comparative and
superlative are marked regarding the positive degree of comparison, because such
forms are structurally (morphemically) more complex, and the semantics of such
units is significantly complicated and intensified. The theory of markedness and the
specified approaches to marked / unmarked forms of comparison confirm the
opinion about a common language's three-level classification of the studied adjective
forms. The concept of gradation is considered separately, which is defined as a
lexical-semantic category that conveys a greater or lesser degree of manifestation
(expression) of a characteristic, gradation indicates the process of transformation of
a characteristic, the form of its manifestation (expression), strengthening or
weakening relative to the zero point on the gradation scale.In the second chapter, the universal ways of actualization of the comparative
and superlative forms in the poetic text and the formation of permanent and
contextual meanings during the poetic functioning of these forms are explored.
