A comprehensive study of the adaptation of ideal-typical models of public policy oriented to modern global governance trends (the concepts of New Public Management (NPM) and Good Governance (GG)) to the national contexts of democratic and transitional political systems, taking into account the influence of domestic and foreign policy determinants, is carried out.
Based on empirical data from democratic and transitional systems (on the example of Sweden, Norway, Lithuania, Poland, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), it is proved that the applied contribution of the models is to analyze the risks and problems of implementing innovative management practices in the states, and also serves as a tool for developing adaptive management strategies that help to increase the level of efficiency and effectiveness of public policy in the national system.
The study proved that the adaptation of ideal-typical models of public policy in different types of systems depends on the adaptive potential and diversification of management methods in the state, which ensures maneuverability, flexibility and emergency of the system in a changing environment. In the context of public policy, the emergent nature of the system may reflect the unforeseeable consequences of political decisions or the underestimation of the impact of certain factors.
The conducted research of public policy in democratic countries and in those that are still on the path of transformation made it possible to develop a universal analytical model of public policy, which provides an opportunity to reveal the specificity and effectiveness of the adaptation of management concepts of NPM and GG and to prove its dependence on the level of organization and institutionalization of actors and forms of their interaction in the public field, as well as from the diversification of public management methods in the state, which ensures maneuverability, flexibility, emergency and stability of the system in a changing environment.
On the basis of a comparative analysis of groups of countries, it was proved that each of the model variants is distinguished by a complex of constructive and destructive factors influencing public policy and the level of interaction between the government and society. Internal and external factors are the adaptive potential that forms the national structure of public administration in a given public space. The analysis of the research made it possible to confirm the hypothesis, according to which in countries with a high level of adaptive potential and diversification of management methods (liberal democratic countries and countries of the transition type, in which the development of democratization is observed in positive dynamics), the level of effectiveness of public policy and public management will be higher, in contrast to countries with a transitional political system with an incomplete transition.
An assessment of the normative and legal component of the regulation of interaction between actors of public policy in democratic and transit states is given. It was found that the legislation of the countries of stable democracies is systematic, comprehensive, and developed on the basis of the legal traditions of democratic countries and the concepts of NPM, GG in compliance with the principles of the rule of law, predictability, openness and transparency, accountability, effectiveness, efficiency. Although the legislative framework in transitional systems is based on the above-mentioned principles of publicity, it is more situational, inconsistent, and fragmented.
The national model of public policy of Ukraine is analyzed and it is proved that the institutional design of modern Ukrainian public policy does not yet have a complete structure, it is constantly changing under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors, acquiring new institutional and substantive forms of its components. It is also controversial, unstable, and ineffective in terms of manageability and regulation, but it has some positive trends in the quality of public capital.
On the example of Ukraine, as a transitional system under martial law, a national adaptive model of public policy has been developed, which objectively has limitations, contains certain features of an authoritarian model, is vertical and is characterized by government control over decision-making. However, taking into account the pre-war traditions of public policy, it is distinguished by the active involvement of the public in solving a number of state issues and inclusion in the co-management process.
As part of the qualifying scientific work, recommendations were made for the successful adaptation of the modern model of public policy in order to increase the level of emergency and efficiency of the system in the conditions of an unstable environment, which is determined by external and internal determining factors.
