Belousova K. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF ADAPTATION THE TEMPORARILY DISPLACED PERSONS TO NEW LIVING CONDITIONS DURING THE WAR

Different definitions of the term “adaptation” are analyzed in the dissertation: a) assimilation of social norms; b) dynamic process; c) dynamic state of optimality; d) “assimilation” and “accommodation”; e) the individual and the world cease to be an oppositional dyad; e) “type of interaction of a person with the social environment”, g) categories “self-regulation” and “management”; h) the fundamental basis of existence; k) reflection of external and internal environmental influences; l) evolutionary process; m) condition (adaptability); n) development factor (adaptive trait), etc. A refined formulation of this concept is presented, the components of the adaptation mechanism are defined, and the justified rationality and correspondence of the studied phenomenon to mental realities and the process of optimization are defined; an analysis of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research on the study of the process of adaptation in temporarily displaced persons was carried out; it was found that most studies identify adaptation with the social environment and less attention is paid to psychological features; psychological adaptation is characterized; factors of psychological adaptation and its functions are presented; the essence of successful adaptation is revealed and the interrelationship of the general functional mechanism of adaptation with the individual and psychological characteristics of immigrants is presented. Taking into account the components of the adaptation mechanism, the criteria and indicators of its diagnosis were substantiated, and a psychodiagnostic toolkit was developed; the unsatisfactory low level of adaptation of temporarily displaced persons was revealed, which led to the need to implement a complex of psycho corrective measures to ensure the optimization of the successful adaptation of the displaced persons. According to the results of the diagnosis, an optimization program for internally displaced persons was developed and implemented in charitable organizations and institutions of higher education, as well as training, which ensures the successful adaptation of displaced persons to new living conditions during the war. It has been experimentally proven that successful adaptation is possible only if there is purposeful influence on the emotional sphere, adaptive behavior, and personal and communicative qualities of immigrants. The work was carried out within the framework of a) the scientific state budget project “Development of an innovative model of diagnosis, correction and prevention of deviant behavior of Ukrainian youth caused by being in natural or man-made emergencies (consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic)” of the National Academy of Sciences of Higher Education of Ukraine (project registration number 2020.01/0213); b) initiative topic of the Department of Psychology “Activation of psychological resources of the individual in different conditions of socialization” (state registration number 0119U103071). The research topic “Psychological factors of adaptation of temporarily displaced persons to new living conditions during the war” was approved by the academic council of Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav (protocol No. 2 dated September 28, 2023). The relevance of the research is determined by the need to solve the problem of moving people to new conditions of life under the conditions of constant economic, social, and political changes caused by the consequences of military conflict. It is important for citizens who find themselves in these conditions to adapt to the new conditions of their own existence and a certain level of life during the war. One of the important and effective ways of accelerating the adaptation of displaced persons to a new social environment is the optimization of psychological lifestyle, actualization of interpersonal relations, and social contacts, due to which professional, economic, household, and personal problems are improved. Today, psychological adaptation is perceived not as a person’s adaptation to long-form requirements of a new environment, but as a multifaceted, diverse phenomenon, an important component of human life, a set of individual properties that determine the level of adaptation to new conditions of the natural and social environment; as a system of measures aimed at the formation of behavioral and psychological processes that allow a person to adequately respond to changes in the environment to harmonize individual values, beliefs and social norms.