Skrypnyk M. Pathogenetic Approach to the Treatment of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases in Young People with Obesity (Clinical-Experimental Study).

The study of early changes in the periodontium of young individuals remains a pressing and under-researched issue. These changes often go undiagnosed, leading to the onset and progression of inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases. Additionally, the exploration of epigenetic factors, potential biomarkers, and early prognostic indicators of oral homeostasis that may be associated with more severe disease progression in the future is of great importance. There is a need to develop treatment and prevention strategies for periodontal diseases in young individuals with obesity. According to current scientific literature, the mechanisms underlying oral tissue damage in obesity are insufficiently studied, particularly in young individuals. This is essential for determining the optimal etiological and pathogenetic prevention and treatment strategies for such patients. Experimental and clinical studies were conducted to enhance the effectiveness of prevention and treatment measures for pathological changes in the periodontium of young individuals with obesity. The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of periodontal damage in rats with experimental glutamate-induced obesity; assess the effectiveness of pathogenetic correction of periodontal pathology in rats with glutamate-induced obesity; study risk factors contributing to the development and progression of periodontal diseases in young individuals, depending on body mass index (BMI); analyze the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of antiseptic agents based on cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CDN) for treating inflammatory gum conditions; substantiate and evaluate the clinical and laboratory effectiveness of a proposed comprehensive treatment for young individuals with obesity and inflammatory periodontal diseases. The clinical study involved 132 individuals aged 18–22, divided into four groups based on their BMI. Standard clinical examination methods were used, including oral hygiene and periodontal index assessments, with periodontal status objectified using the automated Pa-on system. Predictive charts for the dynamic assessment of periodontal condition were also developed. During clinical monitoring, anthropometric examinations, psychomotor function assessments, questionnaires evaluating psychosomatic status, eating behavior, dietary habits, and temperament types were conducted. Overall, this dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a novel solution to a pressing scientific and practical issue in modern dentistry—improving the effectiveness of comprehensive pathogenetic treatment for young individuals with obesity and inflammatory periodontal diseases. This is achieved through the refinement of diagnostic protocols, early identification of risk factors, and the development of a new approach to their management in dental practice. Keywords: young people, rats, periodontium, oral fluid, oxidative stress, obesity, overweight, gingivitis, periodontitis, treatment, microflora, anxiety, nanomaterials, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide.