Ponomarenko A.O. Alveolar epithelium and lung cancer (cytological studies). – Qualifying scientific work on manuscript rights.
Dissertation for the PhD degree in biology, specialty 091 "Biology", field of knowledge 09 "Biology". Kyiv-Mohyla Academy National University, Kyiv, 2023.
The work is devoted to the study of the spread of tumor cells in the lung parenchyma and to the study of morphological changes of type II alveolar epithelium in the case of non-small cell lung cancer. Experimental studies do not contain information about the spread of tumor cells in the lung parenchyma and about changes in type II alveolar cells, despite the fact that type II alveolar epithelium can be a stem cell. The aim of the dissertation was to determine the distribution of tumor cells and type II alveolar epithelium with signs of proliferation and atypia at different distances from the neoplasm in the macroscopically unchanged lung parenchyma.
The objectives of the study were to determine the presence of non-small cell cancer tumor cells in the lung parenchyma near the peripheral edge of the removed tumor; to identify changes in the alveolar epithelium of type II near the edge of the tumor node; to establish the presence of tumor cells of non-small cell cancer at a distance of 2 cm from the peripheral edge of the tumor; to determine the presence and changes of type II alveolar epithelial cells at a distance of 2 cm from the peripheral edge of the tumor; to study the presence of tumor cells of non-small cell cancer at a distance of 5 cm from the peripheral edge of the tumor; to determine changes in type II alveolar epithelial cells at a distance of 5 cm from the peripheral edge of the tumor; to analyze the presence of tumor cells of non-small cell lung cancer and using monoclonal antibodies: TTF-1, Ki-67, p53, Napsin-A, Cytokeratin-7 on cytological smears from lung parenchyma sections at different distances from the tumor; perform a statistical analysis of the results by calculating the average value of the indicator (M) and its standard error (m) and Student's t-test (p<0.05).
It was determined that the number of tumor cells in the lung parenchyma near the peripheral edge of the removed tumor in the case of glandular cancer was 59.0±9.8, in the case of adenosquamous cancer 65.0±7.1, in cases of squamous cell cancer 74.0±8, 4. The number of type II alveolar epithelial cells with changes in the area of the peripheral edge of the neoplasm, regardless of the histological type, was 32.0±8.7. The number of type II alveolar epithelium with signs of proliferation and atypia in the area of the peripheral edge of the neoplasm in the case of glandular cancer was 34.0±10.4. The number of tumor cells in the case of adenosquamous cancer in the studied area was 31.0±8.3, and in the case of squamous cell cancer 31.0±7.5. The number of tumor cells in the peritumoral area regardless of the histological type was 23.0±3.0, in the case of glandular cancer 38.0±5.0, in cases of squamous cell cancer 11.0±2.4. The number of type II alveolar epithelial cells with signs of proliferation and some atypia in the peritumoral zone, regardless of the histological type of lung cancer, was 60.0±2.2, in the case of glandular cancer, 50.0±3.4, and in the case of squamous cell cancer, 76.0 ±2.7. The number of tumor cells in the most distant zone regardless of the histological type of the tumor was 3.0±1.1, in the case of glandular cancer 5.0±1.9, and in the case of squamous cell 1.0±0.7. The number of type II alveolar epithelial cells with signs of proliferation and some atypia in the most remote area, regardless of the histological type of lung cancer, was 55.0±2.4, in the case of glandular cancer 58.0±3.2, in the case of squamous cell cancer 54.0 ±3.2. Cytokeratin-7 marker in tumor cells showed positive expression in the case of glandular cancer in 1 patient in the peripheral area and in the most distant zone from the neoplasm. In the case of adenosquamous cancer in the area of the peripheral edge of the tumor, this marker had a high level of expression in 2 patients. In cases of squamous cell carcinoma, the marker was expressed in 1 out of 2 patients in the area of the peripheral edge of the neoplasm. The use of TTF-1, Napsin-A, p53, Ki-67 in tumor cells did not show a sufficient level of expression.
For the first time, the presence, distribution and quantitative assessment of non-small cell lung cancer tumor cells at different distances from the tumor was determined; proliferation and atypia were shown for the first time, and a quantitative analysis of type II alveolar epithelial cells in different areas of the macroscopically unchanged lung parenchyma was performed.
Keywords: type II alveolar epithelial cells, tumor cells, non-small cell lung cancer, surfactant protein C, cytological method, morphological study, immunocytochemical reaction, stem cell, metabolic disorders, biomarkers, mitochondria, system, recovery, method.
