Kostenko S. Somatic mutagenes of small rodents as the indicator of ecological pollution

The thesis includes the analysis of the data about species-specific features of the cytogenetical answer to different levels of low-dose ionizing irradiation. It's shown, that the specifity of the cytogenetic answer to gene toxic influences is connected with karyotype stability of a species in region of their distribution, and also with specificity of chromosome morphology (in particular, the presence in species' karyotype mainly acrocentric autosomes is accompanied by the increased frequency of inter-chromosomal associations on the type of Robertsonian translocations). It's found out also a universal answer's parameter for the investigated species of small rodents to gene toxic influence of different dose (in low-dose spectra) of ionizing irradiation. So, the frequency of one-nuclear bone marrow cells with micronuclei in all investigated species statistically authentically was increased in connection with increase of the level of radionuclide pollution of trap's regions of animals. On the base of the karyogramme analysis of the representatives of various species the data for the first time are received that internal population the heterogeneity of the answer on one and too genotocsik influence can be caused by differences between animals on presence - absence in caryotyp high mutability ("hot") chromosomes, is more often than others involved in cytogenitic of anomaly. At use somatic mutagenes on different cytogenetical to the characteristics as display parameters for an estimation of ecological pollution, it is necessary to take into account species-specific of feature caryotyp of kinds small rodents. So, for root vole(Microtus oeconomus), typical is increased (concerning others chromosomes) in aneuploidy and asynchronous splitting centromer of chromosomes 10 and 14; for bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus L.)- asynchronous splitting metacentric chromosomes; for kinds with acrocentric chromosomes - inter-chromosomal associations for a type Robertsonian translocations. It is necessary to note, that on varia bility of a number cytogenetical of the characteristics most sensitive to chronic low-doses to an irradiation in the investigated range of dozes has appeared a kind common vole (Microtus arvalis), least stable of investigated in region of a species.