Orlov O. Genetically activity of direct and combined action of physical and chemical mutagenous factors in winter wheat

Object of the research - morpho-biological mutant forms of winter wheat in М1- М3. The purpose of the research was experimental substantiation of capabilities of effective utilization of combined operating of physical and chemical mutagen factors for creation of new perspective initial material with a complex of valuable properties for selection of winter wheat forms. Methods of researches - methods of creation, detection and analysis of induced mutations; definition of cytogenetic activity of cloudies with application of light microscopy; mathematical statistics. Efficiency of affiliation of gamma rays (100 Gr is detected for the first time) and chemical mutagens for obtaining mutations of winter wheat. The technique of cytogenetic researches of frequency and spectrum of chromosomes aberation is optimized, genetical activity of miscellaneous speed keys of mutagen factors is defined. It is established that combined treatment with gamma rays and chemical mutagens in small doses produces spread spectrum and increase of general frequency of mutation changes in winter wheat. It is demonstrated that combined operating of cloudies increases spectrum of mutations in М2 - М3, in particular at usage of speed keys of gamma rays (100 Gr) and low-level doses of nitrozoalkilureas (0.005 %). The technique of selection of mutant lines with valuable properties is developed on the basis of combined application of laboratory and field analysis methods of vegetative populations' frame. It is determined that at usage of combined action of mutagen factors on plants of miscellaneous varieties of winter wheat optimum doses of influencing with gamma rays equal ((100 Gr) + NES or NMS - 0.005 %). On the basis of results of experimental researches proposals for selection practice are made. Optimum doses of different mutagen factors for combined application for creation of new initial breeding material of winter wheat were defined; the method of double personal selection creates mutant lines with a complex of valuable tags, which surpass initial varieties on productivity. Genetic collection of mutant forms of winter wheat is created, which will be used in selection activity of research entities.