Lisniak A. Lands put out of irrigation: directivity of the soil processes, estimation agroecological condition and way of his improvement

Object is modern soil processes and modes in chernozemic soils at their removing from an irrigation and long-term afteraction of different systems of fertilizer and chemical land improvement. The purpose is to determine laws of development and an orientation of modern soil processes and modes on the grounds which are removed from an irrigation and at decrease of intensity of irrigated agriculture to estimate an agroecological state of these grounds and to offer a way of its improvement. Method - field stationary and microplot, experimental modelling, laboratory-analytical. Theoretical results are the system of the basic agroecological parameters and criteria with which help it is possible to define expediency of the ending of an irrigation on this or that tracts of land is advanced, the complex of agroamelioration actions which allow to prevent is offered soil-degradation processes to improve this state at preservation and increase of productivity of the grounds. Practical results - methodical recommendations of "The basis of effective agricultural use of the grounds Danube - Dniester of irrigating system" are developed and "Actions for improvement of a ecologically-ameliorative state of the grounds of Donetsk region irrigated and removed from an irrigation". Novelty - the general laws of development and an opportunity of regulation of speed of modern soil processes and modes on the grounds removed from an irrigation which were watered with waters of different quality (1-3 classes) are determined; features of soil processes - demineralization and dealcalization investigated soils, first of all, are revealed; it is shown, that by the basic direction of soils’ evolution on which the irrigation is stopped is development of the processes opposite to changes is, acquired during an irrigation; rapid, long and irreversible soil processes on the grounds which are removed from an irrigation are revealed; it is proved, that dynamics and quantitative characteristics of restoration of properties, first of all salt andphysical and chemical, characteristic for not irrigated analogues, depend on quality of irrigation water, a level of transformation of ground which was achieved during an irrigation and duration of the irrigating period and after the ending of an irrigation; It is revealed, that afteraction an irrigation water of 1 class on grounds removed from an irrigation predetermines the raised lability of a organic-mineral part of the ground, the strengthened intensity mineralization processes and, as the consequence, the increased contents of mobile forms of nutrients which has served as the reason of the greater productivity of crops in comparison with not irrigated control sites during 10-11 years. Degree of introduction - methodical recommendations are used by services Gosvodhoza of Ukraine and the Odessa regional industrial management on a water management at reconstruction of irrigating systems, at realization of monitoring of the grounds irrigated and removed from an irrigation, an estimation of their state, development of technologies of cultivation of crops on these grounds. Sphere - agrarian and nature protection.