Kopylova K. Polymorphism of genes associated with economical characters of cattle.

A higher frequency of nonsynonymic substitutions relative to that of synonymic ones has been established only in species of the subfamily Bovinae. The aminoacid sequences of kappa-casein in exon 4 are identical in the two species Bos taurus and Bos indicus, except for one substitution in position 148 in Bos taurus, which corresponds to allele variant B of kappa-casein in а cattle. Valuable allele variants of genes (CSN3, BLG, GH) have been revealed in Polish Red individuals. Peculiarities of artificial selection applied to a breed irrespective of its determined direction of productivity underlie the distribution of allele variants of genes which does not depend on eco-geographical conditions of breeding. Allele variants of genes GH, LEP and MSTN are typical of Galloway individuals and associated with indices of meat productivity. Carpathian Brown is distinguished for the most desired combination of allele variants BLG, CSN3, GH and PIT-1