Sapel'nyak T. The Ulychians and the Tyvertsians tribes in the Carpathians and the Black Sea region (the second half of the IX - the first half of the X century).

The thesis displays the investigation of the history of the Ulychians and the Tyvertsians in the Carpathians and the Black Sea region on the basis of the concept of "the natural historical and geographical structure", of the complex analyses of the whole set of sources and the revision of the historiography tradition. The ethnic origin, localization and the major stages of history of these peoples have been revealed. It has been established that the Ulychians descend originally from the Turkmans-Ultunzur who went to Europe with the Huns in the V century. The Turkic ancestors of the Tyvertsians found themselves in Europe with the Ultynzur as well. They lived in Dalmatia (the Tervunians) and then migrated to the Carpathians and the Black Sea region (the Tyvertsians-Tolkovynians). The Tyvertsians lived there next to the Ulychians who were primarily related to them. The Ulychians exercised military functions and the Tyvertsians exercised sacral ones. Kiev managed to conquer the Ulychians and Tyvertsians only after the 940's during the fight for the Carpathians and the Black Sea region between Kyiv Rus, Byzantine, Bulgaria, the Hungarians, and the Pechenegs.