Kubyshkin S. The improvement of technology and conditions of transportation of bulk cargoes by transport vessels

The dissertation is dedicated to the actual problem of improvement of safety during sea transportation of bulk cargoes on bulk carriers by the improvement of technological processes: shrinkage, surface keeping, shifting and self-warming of cargo using operational control. To investigate the research problems the principle of minimization of free energy accumulation inside the cargo from forces of inertia, gravitation, rigidity, elasticity and viscosity as well as motive forces of thermal energy is used. The demanded rules of alteration of porosity of solid bulk cargo are established: from its structure, size and load intensity with working out of mathematical and analytical models. Stability of a system "vessel - cargo ("layer" - "heavy core") - sea roughness" with the usage of mathematical model of equality of the moments of forces of inertia, rigidity, elasticity, viscosity, external harmonious and percussion actions is analyzed. The results have proven the decisive role of elastic-viscous forces ofthe cargo, the influence of which should be limited to the angle of repose of certain cargo. The techniques for engineering calculations of rolling and stability characteristics of a bulk carrier under the influence of various types of sea roughness intended to solve the tasks of vessel operation and adapted to the conditions of bulk cargo shifting are worked out. Efficiency of improved technological processes makes up 50-70 percent due to natural increase of density and viscosity of cargo as well as the increase of its angle of repose as the consequence of above.