Trukhmanova S. Social, cultural and political processes in the towns of Eastern Podilya, during 1920th – at the beginning 1930th.

The present thesis dedicated to complex investigation of social and cultural processes in the towns of Eastern Podilya during 1920th – at the beginning 1930th. For the first time in domestic historiography the complex analysis of social, cultural and political development of the towns of Eastern Podilya was made. The author cast light on distinctive features of ethnodemographic situation in the towns of Podilya after the demographic catastrophe of World War I and Ukrainian liberation movement of 1914–1923. The patterns of social modification of Podilya municipal life during the period of “military communism”, new economic policy and controversial police of ukrainization were traced. The author found out the influence of Bolshevik dictatorship on deformation of social, political, civil, cultural and educational development of municipal life, which complicated by the frontier location of the region as well as, by the creation of artificial image of the USSR/Soviet Ukraine as “the fortress under siege”. It was proved that Soviet regime relied on secret services, which traced the state of public opinion with the help of spy network and punished anyone who suspected to be disloyal. The author showed how the Soviet authority could quickly manage to form loyal Bolshevik administration in the region. To grow the generation of loyal administrative servants, Soviet regime removed intellectual elite out of the educational process, as the result, the traditions of higher and secondary education were ruined.