Object of research. Morphology of human premolars. Object of research. Human premolars, cross-sections of premolars, gypsum models of jaws, X-rays of teeth. Research methods: odontoscopy, odontometry, craniometry, biomechanical, a method of three-dimensional solid computer modelling, a method of final elements, a statistical method. Theoretical and practical value of the received results: this research supplements and expands existing knowledges about age-related changes of teeth and their mechanical properties. The carried out research has allowed specifying distribution of pressure forces and deformation degree at tests for compression of various parts of a tooth, to define limits of mechanical loadings and the most adverse places of their applying. The received results had added information about structure and function of various elements of a tooth, a role of enamel and dentine. Results of the carried out research allow calculating more precisely the optimum form and a material of implants at prosthetics, to predict the form and length of root channels. Scientific novelty of the received results: For the first time, on the basis of the big actual material, the range of individual and sexual variability of the form premolars for the majority of the periods ontogenesis is defined and adequate three-dimensional computer models are created. For the first time the range of individual, age variability odontometric indicators of premolars are established, spent them MANOVA and the correlation analysis. For the first time individual variability of roots and root channels of premolars at citizens of Lugansk region (Ukraine) is studied and microhardness of enamel and dentine in various sites sagittal and horizontal sections of premolars are studied as well. On the basis of the received data, three-dimensional computer models of human premolars which include all elements of a tooth are constructed: enamel, dentine, a cavity and root channels. For the first time, with use of a method of final elements, the behavior of three-dimensional models of human premolars with the various form of roots and various filling from composite materials are calculated. Appling of results: during this research have been created essentially new complex of morphological method for working out of teeth computer models. Results of the dissertation are used in educational process and research of Departments of human anatomy, histology of cytology and embryology Lugansk State Medical University, human anatomy of the Odessa State Medical University, computer science and biomechanics of the Kharkov State Academy of physical training, human anatomy of Vinnitsa National Medical University, human anatomy, topographical anatomy and operative surgery of Bukovinsky State Medical University, human anatomy of the Sumy State University, human anatomy and histology of Uzhgorod National University, operative surgery and topographical anatomy of the Kharkov State Medical University, human anatomy of Donetsk State Medical University. Field (branch) of use: medicine, anatomy, stomatology.
