Azmi M. Angioparenchymatous interrelations of human kidneys

The object of research: morphology and function of human kidneys. The subject of research: regularities of dimensional interrelations between blood vessels and parenchymatous structures of human kidneys. The purpose of the study. Establish regularities angio-parenchymatous relationships in human kidneys, as well as potentially the conditions for development pyelovenous reflux, syntopical feature of the blood vessels in the fornix of the kidneys. Methods of research: blood vessels polychrome injection by plastic mass and dyes using the acid corrosion of soft tissues; selective and decomposite preparations of renal blood flow corrosion specimen ; modified encompassing methods of human kidneys pre-injected areas into epoxide resin to obtain in further thin sections, stained with basophil dyes micrometry. Obtained results scientific novelty. It has been determined that venous vessels concentrated at porta and renal sinus mainly correspond to the arrangement of out of organs arteries. For all this interlobular arteries formed in the renal sinus reach into the kidney parenchyma in close proximity with the veins of the same name. The given location of blood vessels accompanied by nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels should be considered as portal and distinguish as portal-fornical renal zones because they correspond to so-called renal fornices as far as their location is concerned. Particular attention in research is paid to renal venous flow which noticeably prevails over the arterial one according to capacitive abilities. Furthermore unlike arterial the venous flow is arranged on the basis of general anastomosis. Two levels of arrangement anastomoses are the most notable. The first of these corresponds to the boundary between cortex and medulla. This network of anastomoses gives the entire renal blood flow the certain shape of arcade. The loop-shaped bonds of interlobular veins within fornical zones of kidneys are another form of venous anastomoses. For the first time the attention has been paid to the fact that out of organs renal arteries as vessels of high pressure have an appropriate thick wall with increased elastic properties due to the prevalence of elastic tissue in it. Turning into arteries inside the organs their wall gradually becomes thinner due to the loss of elastic tissue when the lobular concentration in its tunica adventitia of smooth muscles elements increases. Unlike arteries, veins inside the organs as vessels of high pressure are characterized by an extremely thin wall represented mainly by tunica intima and thin layer of tunica adventitia. A notable morphological fact is that interlobular arteries and veins passing together through the portal-fornical zones are located so that only veins adjoin directly to the minor calyces wall and make a firm union with adventitia which causes to separation of minor calyces cavity from venous space by thin tissue septum. Therefore under conditions of hydrostatic pressure increase in the urinary tract the given tissue barrier becomes very weak. Its damage leads to urinary tract contents leakage into renal venous flow. For the first time in practice of morphological research the given pyelovenous reflux has been reproduced experimentally by plastic mass injection into the urinary tract in the high perfusion pressure. The data about the structure of renal medulla hemomicrocirculatory flow consisting of definite number of loops of arterioles and venules with a long pin-like form should be considered very important. Each loop consists of a straight arteriole, which reached the apical division of renal papilla, makes a steep turn, moving back into venous microvessel / venule /, which is in an upward direction reaches one of the arcade vein branches. Spiral plexuses of blood capillaries around the renal medulla collective tubes have been visualized for the first time. The practical significance of obtained results. Results may be used on human anatomy and histology.The degree of implementation: medicine, human anatomy