Bocharova V. Genetic and morphological polymorphism of grape plants as an indicator of differentiation for use in breeding

Object: the morphological and molecular-genetic polymorphism, genetic determination of quantitative and quality traits of grape. Aim: to study the genetic-morphological polymorphism of cultivars, hybrids and clones of grape and to tracking of genetic determinism of qualitative and quantitative traits for their subsequent use in grape breeding. Methods: hybridological, cluster, microsatellite analysis, statistical. Novelty: the complex justifications of grape breeding material were proved for the first time, which including classic genetic investigations of inheritance character of quantitative and quality traits and molecular-genetic methods for characteristics of genotypes specific. Results: essential polymorphism of morphological traits of seedlings’ hybrid population obtained from crossing cultivars as well as microsatellite loci polymorphism of cultivars, hybrids and clones of grapes has been found. The study of qualitative traits segregation enable us to identify inheritance patterns of four grape qualitative characteristics “bunch size”,“bunch density”, “berry size” and “berry colour” as well as to determine the parental genotypes of cultivars and hybrids for these traits. Analysis of quantitative traits using a modified cluster analysis enable us to reveal that four alleles participate in the inheritance of a “weight of 100 berries” trait and to predict the genotypes of parental cultivars for this trait (A1a1A2a2). Microsatellite analysis of cultivars and hybrids allowed obtaining an effective DNA-marker system for an assessment of the structure of plants genotype that was used to characterize the genotypes of highly productive grape clones and table cultivars from ampelographical collection of NSC “Institute of viticulture and wine-making named after V.Ye. Tairov”. Application stage: the system of DNA passports became an additional factor for an application of cultivars to the State Service of Rights Protection for Plant Varieties for registration. Application area: NIE of NAAN, MinAPK of Ukraine