Yushkevich V. "Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in socio-political life of North American Ukrainians in 1870-1939 ss."

Researching the pioneering period of Ukrainian emigration to USA and Canada in 1870-1914 it is noted that this process was unorganized and first emigrants from Western Ukrainian lands differed culturally, dialectically, by their ethic region of origin had diverse political views that led them being the target of easy assimilation and exploitation. The only help were priests who were appointed to new missionary lands by the metropolitan of UGCC. Missionary and pastoral activity of uniate priests was all-embracing they conducted educational and natioenlighten mission among Ukrainians. Thus, rev. I. Volansky was the first organizer of Ukrainian communities in USA he managed to stop the outflow of Ukrainians to Czech, Slovak and Polish church parishes that kept them from full assimilation and Romanization. Educational and pastoral action of Uniate priests, members of "American Circle", led to the evolution of national aspirations of Galician immigrants - from "Ruthenian" to "Ukrainian" on the other it created a polar separation among Greek Catholics on Transcarpathian Rusyns and Ukrainian Galicians.