Linnyk Y. Endurance of seed of crops genepool samples to storage

Object: biological peculiarities of seed longevity of plant genepool samples of agricultural crops during its storage. Aim: to establish some peculiarities of seed longevity of plant genepool samples during its storing in connection with specific and varietal belonging of the plant genepool and possibilities for seed longevity improvement with a reduced level of seed sprouting. Methods: general scientific; laboratory; statistical. Novelty: for the first time in Ukraine the relation between specific and varietal belonging among the samples of the genepool of barley, peas, millet, sunflower, maize lines and hybrids between a year of reproduction and longevity of the seed in these samples to the factors of storage simulated by means of the method of accelerated aging and freezing (-20 C) by their longevity indices, is revealed. The increase of longevity of seeds in the majority of varieties and forms of barley, sunflower, millet, maize and peas and reduction in the share of non typically sprouted seeds, seed infection compared to the original indices under the influence of freezing at -20 C, are stated. The diagnostics on seed longevity based on elucidating the role of catalase activity is carried out. The specific and varietal specificity of seed reaction to an accelerated aging and freezing by means of a change in energy of sprouting and related to this by a change in activity of amilase and catalase in the investigated varieties of barley and peas, is determined. Results: the usage of longevity of the seed to storage factors, that characterizes seed longevity, is substantiated. The revealing of varieties and forms of barley, sunflower, millet, maize and peas with a high and low longevity of seeds at storing gives the grounds to develop for them corresponding regimes of storing and seed regeneration that improves dependability and efficiency of storage. Species and varietal specificity of the reaction of seeds to accelerated aging and freezing by changes in energy of emergence and sprouting and change of activity of amilase and catalase complex in the studied varieties of barley and peas. Application stage: it is established that the increase of emergence and sprouting energy of the seed of barley, sunflower, millet, maize and peas under the effect of negative temperature (-20 C) has promited to develop a method (patent on useful model No. 50130 of 25.05.2010) that permits to improve the longevity of seeds of the mentioned crops along with its level decreased. The method is implemented at Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS and Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Breeding. Application area: breeding institutions.