Sylenko O. The features selection of initial material for breeding maize productivity in central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object: special features of the selection of maize original material for productivity and its elements, the formation of collections as to a correlation of quantitative traits, duration of vegetative period the level of manifestation and stability of economic traits, resistance to diseases and pests, combining ability. Aim: to substantiate the specific features of selection of selfed lines for the development of hybrids of maize of intensive and stable types. Methods: field, laboratory, statistical-mathematical. Novelty: first in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the types of productivity formation in the forms with different durations of vegetative periods are established; lines with an optimally formed and adapted genotype are chozen. The division of 130 selfed lines of maize into classes according to a value of main quantitative traits and their variability is theoretically grounded and practically done. By the results of systemic crosses the efficacy of selection of the best lines for heterotic selection is stated. Some peculiarities in the interrelation of productivity with quantitative traits, that condition intensive and stable types of plant development in maize lines, are determined first. Results: theoretical summary and solution of the important task as to the peculiarities of selection of valuable original materials of maize for productivity have been made. The original material value for traits' stability, combining ability, resistance to disease's pathogenes and pests has been shown. The division of selfed lines into the classes as to the level of manifestation of main quantitative traits has been completed. It has been stated that selection of maize lines for the development of hybrids in the Forest-Steppe zone should be directed to a complex of traits, which are correlated positively and closely with plant productivity, particularly, with plant height, ear attachment's height, ear length, its diameter, grain number per row, grain number per ear. On thousand kernel weight has a positive correlation with productivity that permits to select productive large-sized grain's samples belonging to different maturity groups. As a result of systemic test crosses the efficacy of selection of lines with a general combining ability and specific one for heterotic selection is estimated, their donor properties are valued that has a considerable value for utilization of these lines and hybrids of maize for breeding. Application stage: 2 certificates on registration of the collections of plant genepool in Ukraine were obtained: "Certificate on basic collection of plant genepool of maize" No. 25 of 5.12.2006, "Certificate on educational collection of maize plant genepool" No. 47 of 19.10.2008. Application area: agriculture.