The object: pedagogical heritage of S. Gessen; the purpose: historically-pedagogical analysis of didactic ideas of S. Gessen in the theory of scientific education, ground of possibility of the use of theory of S. Gessen's scientific education in the process of reformation of the system of formation of Ukraine; methods: chronologic, historically-pedagogical, comparative-history, biographic, prognostic; novelty: the integral analysis of theory of Gessen's theory of scientific education is first carried out; the basic factor of theory of scientific education is exposed; it is exposed, that subjective- activity approach which consists that activity is carried out by personality as a subject is a basic factor, in reality and subject, activity, having also its creative and creative character; it is proved, that S. Gessen anticipated the substantive provisions of subjective- activity conception of S. Rubinshteyn; are certain and basic principles of theory of Gessen's theory of scientific education are formulated, because in exposition of theory of scientific education a scientist does not give the decision of principle, and a term uses in two case only, specifying on principle of integrity principle of practical activity; it is set, that organization of educational process on the I and II stages of theory of scientific education corresponds to the pictures of intellectual development of man. A concrete-operating stage corresponds to an I stage or episodic course, and the II stage or systematic course - formal-operating stage; notion is entered "prevailing of cultural values"; basic didactic ideas are formulated in the theory of Gessen's theory of scientific education; stages and periods of scientific-pedagogical activity are certain; it is set, that the "method of scientific knowledge", offered by S. Gessen, corresponds to the problem method in classification of methods of teaching on the levels of independent activity of studying the I. Lerner, M. Mahmutov, M. Skatkin, therefore fully explainable confession in a number of authors S. Gessen one of founders of the problem teaching; the aggregate of terms providing optimum realization of basic target of theory of scientific education is exposed: attaching of personality to science, namely integrity and succession, engulfing all stages of scientific education, differentiation of educational process on the basis of interest and necessity of studying, unity of manual and intellectual labour, impermissibility of forcing of process of cognitive development of studying are specified and notions are specified "critical didactics", "episodic course", "systematic course", "theory of scientific education". The necessity of further development and wide use of problem method in an educational process on a modern stage is grounded; results: research materials can be used for reformation of the system of education, for optimization of maintenance of education and methods of teaching, modernizations of courses of history of pedagogic in pedagogical institutes of higher, to development of the special courses, on the courses of the in-plant training, and also at writing of qualifying works; area: general pedagogy and the history of pedagogy.
