The object of the study: the optical illusions in adults in psychological science.The subject of the study: the differences in the perception of optical illusions, depending on the "?-type" and value of individual's time unit. Research methods. There was a range of methods used in this study: theoretical (analysis and synthesis of the data, comparing and ordering psychological sources for disclosure problems of optical illusions in perception, their dependence on the individual's time unit), empirical (observation, conversation, diagnostical testing according to the procedures of F. Brentano, G.T. Fechner, F. Sander, L.T. Svensson and the scale of understanding from the D. Wechsler's test, chronometric method modificated by B.I.Tsukanov), statistical (quantitative and qualitative data processing experiments, the correlation method, the method of least squares, methods of analysis of variance, Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm).The originality of this research consists in exploring the unknown facts: The relations between the individual's time unit and the susceptibility to Muller-Lyer's illusion, indicating that the tendency to a change in the severity of illusion, depending on the value of individual's time unit; It was proved that the innate individual parameters of the mind may influence the degree of illusory distortions of images in the spatial perception; There was demonstrated that a person may have congenital preconditions for the illusory distortions of the size spatial objects, and the degree of distortion may vary for different ?-types; It is defined that the strength of the Sander's parallelogram illusion as well as the strength of Muller-Lyer's illusion, has its own dynamics -- it gradually decreases with the increase in the individual's time unit, that is, the faster time passes for the individual, the greater the illusion is; It was revealed that the most resistant to the Zander's parallelogram illusion are individuals whose value of the time unit is close to 1.0 sec., corresponding to the type of a "pure" melancholic; There was found a rule: the smaller the value of individual's time units, the greater the error in estimating the length of the diagonals of the Zander's parallelogram is; It is revealed that the successful performance of task to divide the line according to the rule of golden section may require high accuracy in measuring the size of the object and may have congenital preconditions that are connected with the metrics and topology of time in the individual's mind; It was made more profound and clarified: The knowledge that the severity index of perceptual illusions varies depending on the place in the continuous spectrum of ?-types which individual takes; The density of the parameters in individual's time behavior is connected with the increase of the deviation from the equality diagonals Zander's parallelogram and arrows Muller-Lyer's illusion; It is found that only a "pure" melancholic is able to accurately distinguish from the outside world forms which contains the "golden ratio"; The knowledge about individuals having congenital preconditions for a quick formation of the aesthetic standard. There was further development of the knowledge attained that not all subjects prefer the aesthetic forms that contain the golden ratio, but only those individuals whose time unit is close to 1.0 sec.The practical importance of research. The psychological diagnostic tools for study optical illusions were upgraded and tested. The results can be used for lecture courses "Differential Psychology", "General Psychology". The knowledge of the described patterns can help teachers of art schools to find an individual approach to students with learning difficulties associated with the mastering of the geometric and aesthetic material, or to the construction of perspective.Scope institutions of higher education, psychological services.
