Melnyk V. Flowering biology peculiarities and heterosis effect performance in spring triticale

Object: the features of flowering biology, range of pollen dissemination in the air, combining ability, efficiency sterilization varieties and lines of spring triticale. Aim: determine the characteristics of flowering biology and identify opportunities of the use of heterosis effect in spring triticale breeding. Methods: scientific, field, laboratory, genetic-statistical, dispersive. Novelty: first identified features of flowering biology and pollination of spring triticale varieties in the eastern steppes of Ukraine. Found self-pollination of flowers with prevailing open type of flowering, and its dependence on genotype and weather conditions. Determined the range of pollen dissemination in the air. Scientifically justified norms of spatial isolation between seed plots of spring triticale in the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Defined the optimum stage to using of chamical hybridizing agents to create hybrids - this is a IV stage of organogenesis. Were further developed the determine of the extent and consistent pattern of heterosis for agronomical characteristics and possible use of heterosis in spring triticale. Results: It is established that the varieties of spring triticale predominates open type of flowering. Highlighted genotypes and cross- combinations that provide stable heterosis for grain productivity - Solovey kharkivs'kyi / Lehin' kharkivs'kyi, Kargo / Korovai kharkivs'kyi, Mykola / Khlibodar kharkivs'kyi, which is recommended for a variety of spring triticale breeding programs, including the development of an effective scheme of hybrid seeds. The norms of spatial isolation of spring triticale seed plots that provide simplified placement varieties for seeds production have been defined. The optimum stage of using a chamical hybridizing agents to create hybrids has been developed - this is a IV stage of organogenesis. Application stage: Three certificates to implement scientific development has been retrieved. Samples, that were selected with high level of combining ability - Korovai kharkivs'kyi, Solovei kharkivs'kyi and Legin kharkivs'kyi used at the Ustimovka experimental station of plant production. The best hybrid combinations Kargo / Korovai kharkivs'kyi and Solovei kharkivs'kyi / Korovai kharkivs'kyi widely used in breeding programs of of spring wheat and triticale breeding laboratory of the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS. Application area: selection institutions.