Pankova O. Selection and Genetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation to Growth, Development and Hybridization of Cereals

Object: viability, spring wheat productivity of the first postradiation generation, mitotic activity and chromosomal abnormality spectrum of the root meristem cells, electrophoretic spectrum of reserve proteins depending on hamma-raying influence. Crossability of spring wheat and spring rye and viability of intergeneric hybrids of the first generation. Aim: investigation of hamma-raying influence on growth and development of spring wheat at different stages of ontogenesis, pattern determination of various spring wheat species crossability with spring rye, intergenus hybrids viability. Methods: field; laboratorial; cytological; electrophoretic; dispersive, clustered, correlation and statistic analysis. Novelty: crossability methods of various spring wheat species with spring rye depending on hamma-raying influence on maternal plant seeds are improved for the first time. On the base of the investigation results the efficiency of hamma-raying usage combination and remote hybridization in cereals selection was shown theoretically and experimentally thanks to aberration frequency increase that raises the probability of chromosome area recombination. Effective dozes of hamma-raying on maternal form seeds, different factors contribution (maternal form genotype, hamma-raying dosage, crossing combination) to hybridization success were established. Results: methodology of efficiency increase of the remote hybridization method in spring wheat selection by means of maternal form seeds treatment by hamma-raying in the dosage of 150 Gr was worked out. According to the results of the selection perspective genotypes 1/8 were got out of hybrid combinations (were chosen out of hybrid combination of soft spring wheat Geroinya and spring wheat Gazelle); 3/5 (were chosen out of hybrid combination of soft spring wheat Kharkovskaya 26 and spring rye Gazelle); 9/2 (were chosen out of hard spring wheat hybrid population Kharkovskaya 27 and spring rye Gazelle). Application stage: the scientifically based and easy to use methodology of a remote hybridization method in spring wheat selection was proposed to selection practice. It is warranted by a declarative patent on a useful model "A method of initial material creation for cereals selection" by the decision of the government service of intellectual property of Ukraine № 75976 issued on 25.12.2012. The mentioned method is used in the The Рlant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS. The selected hybrids are passed to Poltava Agrarian Academy to be used in their selective practice. Application area: selection institutions.