Vereshchahin I. Creating the source material for selecting aimed at increasing the oil content in the hemp seeds

Object: the process of oil accumulation in the seeds of hemp samples of the National Collection and the varieties of modern monoecious hemp, its fatty acid composition, relation to other characteristics. Purpose: peculiartities of the initial material creation for selection for oil content increase in the seeds of drug-free monoecious hemp by usage of the family-group selection, intervarietal hybridization, forced self-pollination of plants and artificial mutagenesis. Methods: general scientific, field, breeding, laboratory, statistical. Novelty: the peculiarities of varieties and samples of hemp of the National Collection according to the oil content are determined, based on which the samples are found with the minimum and maximum of content of it as a potential source for obtaining the initial material. For the first time the efficiency of obtaining the initial material for selection for the oil content increase in the seeds of hemp based on the selection variety, and the hybrid material generated from intervarietal hybridization is shown. The peculiarities the dynamics of the accumulation of oil content in the seeds of modern varieties of drug-free hemp is determined. For the first time the character of oil content of hemp of different sexual types is determined. The peculiarities of the correlation between oil content and a set of morphological and commercial characteristics of hemp plants (total height of plants, weight of fiber, fiber content, weight of seeds, weight of 1000 seeds) is presented. The character of inheritance of hemp oil content at the population level and by the intervarietal hybrids is shown. Results: the peculiarities of oil content of hemp varieties of the National Collection are established and their diversity according to this characteristic is defined, the initial material for selection for oil content is created. The possibility of positive selection in the direction of increasing oil content in seeds of hemp is justified. Degree of implementation: transferred to the department of selection and seed production of hemp of 19 families with high oil content of Glyana variety, 6 intervarietal hybrids and one population of hemp of Glyana variety with increased oil content treated with mutagens. It is proposed to use the above hemp samples as the initial material for selection for oil content increase. It is recommended during the breeding work to make selection of elite plants with high oil content while increasing or retaining commercial characteristics, there is developed the "Method for determining the oil content in hemp seeds" (State Application number u201301634) and the "Device for determining the oil content in hemp seeds" (State Patent number 84865). Scope of implementation: selection facilities.