Sedykh О. Morphometric parameters of temporomandibulary joint in neutral and distal occlusion of dental arches

The dissertation is devoted to the task - studying the morphological characteristics and radiographic changes of temporomandibulary joint in neutral and distal occlusion of the dental arches. The peculiarities of individual anatomical variability of temporomandibulary joint depends on sex, shape and the sides of the skull at the morphometry of skulls and spiral computer tomography. It is revealed that regardless of the type of occlusion of the dental arches the parameters of the articular process of mandibula (width, front-back dimensions and thickness) were higher in men compared with women. Paramaters of articular tubercle (height, front-back size) prevailed in men compared with women, the index of the tubercle was greater in women. Parameters of articular head and height of the joint space increased with age, indicators of articular tubercle is decreased. Height and front-back dimensions of articular tubercle were more on the left side than on the right, and the index of tubercle was almost the same on both sides. It was revealed that at the distal occlusion of the dental arches of the cranio- and gnatometric indicators of the skull with the exception of the width of the alveolar arches, as well as the size of the head of mandibula and articular tubercle were less in comparison with a neutral occlusion, the height of the joint space has increased. The 62.65% of adults have abnormal temporomandibulary joint of varying severity in computer tomography. The most light changes with frequency 33.33% were identified in patients with neutral occlusion of the dental arches. There were isolated (flattening, osteophytes, erosion) and concomitant changes in articular head (osteophytes and osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis and erosion) in 63.64% of patients with the distal occlusion of the dental arches. The most pronounced pathological manifestations of destruction of mandibular heads were found in patients who had the combination of fully adentia and prosthetics with frequency 66.67%.