Matsuk M. Genetic Features of Tetraploid Pollinators and Their Application in Breeding Process for Triploid Sugar Beet

Investigated are the patterns of inheritance and variation in agronomic signals in tetraploid pollinators of Bila Tserkva origin. Grounded are the principles of comprehensive estimation and selection of valuable genotypes for further using in breeding process aimed at obtaining triploid CMS hybrids suitable for cultivation according to bioadaptive technology. Established is structure of genotypic variability for signals of germination energy, germination, yield, sugar content, sugar yield, and ash content in CMS hybrids. Collection of existing and created pollinators is differentiated on the basis of breeding and genetic value. Established are the parameters of ecological stability and plasticity in new triploid sugar beet CMS hybrids and selected the best ones for their adaptability. Tetraploid polyspermous pollinators, which are the components of high-performance triploid hybrids are improved by methods of individual and family selection. Established is relation between sowing qualities of seeds and productivity from one hand and heterogeneity of hybrid component from another. Selected are seven lines, which are genetically stable at their high combining ability and adaptability, for molecular marking of the genotypes. Ten promising tetraploid lines have been registered in the gene pool database of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet. The best tetraploid pollinators 1010, 1019, 1033, 1027, and 1028 have been transferred to environmental quality testing referred to create promising combinations with them. Guidelines "Increasing Technological Quality of Sugar Beet by Breeding and Genetic methods" have been issued (Kyiv, 2013). Keywords: tetraploid pollinator; combination ability; adaptability; seeds sowing quality; productivity.