Borysova V. Breeding aspects of SNP-analysis application to maize

Object of study - optimization of maize breeding process using molecular genetics methods. Purpose - development of methodological principles of application of analysis of single nucleotide DNA ploymorphism using SNP-markers for optimization of maize breeding process. Methods – molecular genetics evaluation of breeding material; methods of traditional breeding - hybridization, inbreeding, analysis of diallelic scheme; method of field research; methods of marker-associated breeding; statistical methods. Results: the level of information content of SNP-markers in domestic breeding pool was researched. The electronic database of SNP-passports of maize inbred lines was created. The regression equation was calculated to predict heterosis by the level of SNP-distances. The method of SNP-marking of phenotypic traits for maize was developed. It has been shown that the application of SNP-analysis to passportization, to maize inbred lines relationship and genetic structure determination, to testing of initial material and to selection of parental forms of hybrids in breeding for heterosis, to development of sterile analogs and of restorers of fertility, ensures the optimization of breeding process. Using the results of work implementation 5 maize hybrids were developed and passed to official state trials. Novelty - for the first time in Ukraine the possibility is proved to apply single nucleotide DNA polymorphism in plants to characterize breeding material. The SNP-genotyping of 450 maize inbred lines issued from domestic breeding was conducted, the representativity and information content of SNP-markers was determined. It has been proven that the monitoring of genetic structure of maize inbred lines in process of their development it makes sense to conduct by the change of allelic state of marker DNA loci. For the first time the character of change of genetic SNP-distances between initial forms and inbred lines developed on their basis, as well as sister hybrids and single crosses was established. Methodological principles were developed for SNP-marking of phenotypic traits. The general scheme of maize breeding process has achieved further improvement, on the basis of methodological principles of single nucleotide DNA polymorphism analysis. Sector – agriculture.