Havkar J. The transformation of the idea of progress in the Enlightenments philosophy of history

The research makes clear the interpretation of historical process as a progressive movement that is influenced by the success of the human mind. The work gives the definition of progress as attributive properties of life of each of the nations. It suggests determination of the basis and the engine of historical progress of human reason as the highest of human abilities, which has no limits for perfection. The work proves the existence of philosophical-historical enlightenments ideas of progress, according to which each human culture is not only a means of historical progress, but also the unique socio-cultural entity that is invaluable for both mankind and of itself. Every nation has its own scale of perfection, incomparable with others.