Kuzmych V. Inheritance and variability of signs and efficiency of selection to increase soybean yield under irrigation

Object of research – patterns of formation of characters in hybrid populations of F3-F5 of soybean in order to use them in breeding programs. The goal – determination of the features of inheritance and variability of the growing season and productivity traits of soybean, improved methods of selection of forms that combine increased productivity and quality of seeds with adaptability to the conditions of irrigation. Methods – field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results – there are received scientific statements about the methods of work with hybrid populations of F3-F5 of soybean and new indications for selective selections on productivity, which able be used in practical breeding there. There were created new soybean varieties Svjatogor and Sofia, which entered into the State Register of plant varieties of Ukraine and recommended for cultivation in the steppe zone under irrigation conditions there. Novelty – there are laws governing the process of formation-in hybrid populations of soybeans, which were created with the participation of different groups of varieties of ripeness first investigated under irrigated conditions. A correlation observed between seed yield and quantitative traits (the number of productive nodes on the plant, number of pods on the plant, number of seeds per plant, the mass of plants, weight of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, that has allowed to improve the method of selection of highly productive genotypes for phenotypic manifestation of traits. There is identified marker signs (number of productive nodes on the plant and number of pods on the plant), which increase the efficiency of selection of hybrid populations there. There is identified patterns of inheritance and variability of the length of the growing season and signs of efficiency at hybrids F3-F5 of soybean there. There are highlighted the genotypes of soybeans, which are valuable for complex economic characteristics and are used in the selection process there. Sector is agriculture.