Motrichuk R. Public associations of national minorities of Ukraine in 20-30-ies of XX century: historical and theoretical aspects

The dissertation highlights the problemsof the national social movementdevelopment in Ukraine in the context of the national policy of the Bolshevik regime. In the paper on the base of the extensive materialsthe reasons which led the population of national administrative units to the economic decline in the early twentieth centurywere discussed. А strong influence on the economic situation of the Germans, Poles, Jews and otherswere made. Nationalities were a consequence of the First World and the Civil War, the policy of "war communism" was undertaken by the Bolshevik Party. Dissertator notes that the economic policy of the Bolshevik Party in relation to the national peasantry determined highest percentage among the colonists wealthy peasants, and among Jewish towns in Right-Bank Ukraine petty-bourgeois elements. The policy pursued by the party organs was caused by the active dissatisfaction with the Soviet government among minority region. Non-Bolshevik growing influence of civil society organizations appeared. Took place constant conflicts with local party activists, natural performances took place. This led to a change of priorities of the ruling party. The authorities chose a course of gradual Sovietization of ethnic minorities. A special role was playedin this process by removing the pro-governmental public associations. The author has determined the peculiarities of national public organizations. According to the doctrine of the Communist Party leadership, civil society organizations acted as a link between the state system and the population. The process of creating and activity of voluntary associations, cooperatives, economic and cultural organizations were strictly regulated by the Bolshevik regime. Pro-government associations have clearly centralized organizational structure, in which the real power in the hands of a few functionaries who are closely related to the party and government organs. The latter also regulated the conditions of membership in social organizations, watched their social composition. Insteadnon-Bolshevik national public organizations and national cooperationsare anegative attitude to the Bolshevik regime and acted as advocates of national minorities, which they represented. They were created just by the nationally active citizens, who had their own organization, financing and program activities. The thesis revealed features of the organization and conducted of national public associations against the repressive policy aimed at their elimination. The features used in the implementation of the policy of trade unions and the ANC mass voluntary societies.