Object of research - the identification of polymorphism of genotypes based on gliadins and High Molecular Weight glutenins, allelic state race-non-specific locus, economic valuable signs in collectible varieties variability and inheritance of traits, heterosis soft wheat hybrids of the first generation. The aim was to study the polymorphism of soft winter wheat NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" different sortozmin using molecular genetic markers and assessment of the working collection of samples of different origin for economically valuable traits in a Northern Forest-steppe to create initial material resistant to diseases and abiotic factors with improved bread baking qualities. Research methods were: field (visual assessment phase of growth, disease resistance, winter hardiness), laboratory (electrophoresis storage proteins in PAGE and PCR using allele-specific markers for investigation of varieties polymorphism, method of infrared spectroscopy to assess the grain quality), statistics ( to assess the collection and breeding material), calculating and comparative (to calculate the economic efficiency of new varieties cultivation). Identified and investigated polymorphism of soft bread wheat of NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" breeding for allelic composition gliadin locus Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1 and high-glutenin subunit locus at Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1. For superior set of alleles and loci composition of gliadins of varieties studied sample is similar to the Central forest-steppe zone, but less frequent in a high genotype atypical for these area alleles (Gli-A1x, Gli-B1e). The peculiarity of the studied varieties was sufficiently high frequency of allele Gli-B1l - Marker wheat-rye translocation - 15%. Were identified a high similarity between a sample for most HMW glutenin allelic composition, characterized by a negative impact on grain quality (Glu-A1c, Glu-D1a). However, in varieties Polisska-90, Analog, Tsvit Kaliny were identified glutenin alleles associated with high bread baking properties - Glu-D1d, Glu-A1a and Glu-B1al. Using molecular genetic marker caISBP1 identified allelic state of the gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, associated with a wide race-non-specific resistance to rust diseases in winter soft wheat varieties of NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS". The researching of analyzed collection in terms of provocative infectious background showed the moderate negative correlation between infestation of leaf rust and powdery mildew and the presence of resistance gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 in genotype at p = 0,05. The collection of sample of NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" is identified genotypes carrying the allele locus of resistance to stem rust Sr2 /Lr27, derived from a variety Hope. At the same time revealed grade (13.5%) who are carriers of allele inherited from class Marquiz. Genotypes that have the allele may in some cases have resistance to stem rust pathogen. Investigated the inheritance of resistance against pathogens, winter hardiness, duration of growing season, plant height, and individual elements of the structure of performance in F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat. When we used as a component of parental genotypes that have a "stable" allelic state locus Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, received a large output to stem rust resistant hybrids F1. Study on inheritance hybrids of commercially valuable traits showed different versions of inheritance for resistance to pathogens, winter hardiness, plant height, and length of growing season and yield structure elements, of which the predominant type was overdominance. The best heterosis were in hybrid combinations Kraievyd/Stolychna, Kopylivchanka/Pearl Benefis/Epilogue, Artemida/Epilogue. Created F1 hybrid material transferred to the Department of breeding and seed growing of cereal crops in NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" to output stable genotypes of winter wheat soft. Using a sample of local selection and international samples were created varieties of soft winter wheat, which have a complex of economically valuable traits and dominated Polisska-90 by the yield and economic efficiency of cultivation: Pamiati Hirka, Kesariia Polisska, Spivanka Polisska, Myroliubna, Romanivna, Vodohrai and Polisyanka.
