Stryzhakovska L. Features of morphogenesis and formation of urethra topography during the prenatal period of human development

Object - sex and age patterns in the structure and features of the topography of the urinary and genital organs in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis; objective -to establish the chronological sequence of the development and formation of topographical and anatomical relationships in the urethra during the prenatal period of human ontogenesis; methods - microscopic, macroscopic, making topographical and anatomical sections, graphic reconstruction, plastic reconstruction, three-dimensional computer reconstruction, radiological, morphometric, statistical; results - we were the first who used adequate and modern morphological techniques to study sex and age features in the structure and the chronological sequence of the urethra formation as well as its space-time relationships during the prenatal period of human ontogenesis, which made it possible to obtain new evidence-based data, which complement significantly the current understanding of the peculiarities of ontogenetic morphogenesis chronology of the lower urinary tract, for the first time we described topographical and anatomical relationships between female and male urethra and adjacent organs and structures of the pelvis in human pre-fetuses and fetuses, we determined sex changes in the structural organization of the urethra, its age and individual anatomical variability in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis, we also traced the dynamics of changes in organometric parameters of the female and parts of the male urethra in 4-10 month old fetuses, we were the first to establish periods of intensive growth and retardation of the female and parts of the male urethra during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, based on the results we identified morphological preconditions and time of possible emergence of variants in the structure and topography, and certain birth defects of the male and female urethra growth, as a result of the research we proposed a classification of congenital defects of the male and female urethra, penis and vagina on the basis of the main stages of embryogenesis considering currently published data.