Kalashnyk M. Epizootological monitoring and improvement of laboratory diagnostic of tuberculosis in cattle

Object of study: bovine tuberculosis. Subject of study: epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis in the world and in farms of Ukraine, the properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria, nutrient media, allergic reactions, methods for preliminary treatment of biomaterial. It was established that the infection caused by M. bovis is registered in many countries among cattle and wild animals in several countries. Tuberculosis was unevenly and stationarity distributed on farms during 1995-2005 and sporadic cases of this disease were registered till 2006 to 2015 in Ukraine. Livestock animals have been fully rehabilitated from tuberculosis on the territory of Ukraine in the end of 2016. It was found that the delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin in cattle was caused by M. bovis and by atypical mycobacteria M. smegmatis, M. fortuitum, M. phlei, M. flavescens, M. diernhoferi, M. vaccae, M. gordonae, M. scrofulaceum. The identification scheme of mycobacteria cultures was developed. A nutrient medium for indication and cultivation of mycobacteria was developed. The reproductive properties of reference strains M. bovis, M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. fortuitum were studied. Terms of pathogen isolation from pathological material from laboratory animals and cattle were studied. The method of preliminary treatment of biomaterial was developed. Optimal storage terms of pathological material were determined for conducting a cultural study on tuberculosis. It has been proved that unstable L-forms of M. bovis causes sensitization to tuberculin, reverses in bacterial R-form and cause the development of a tuberculous process in an organism of susceptible animals.