The dissertation presents data on the monitoring of the epizootic situation regarding bacterial diseases of poultry in the northeastern region of Ukraine. It was established that among isolated conditionally pathogenic microflora enterobacteria predominate namely Escherichia (34.0%) and Salmonella (16.0%). Isolated cultures of Е. coli belong to serovars О35, О157, O55, О78, О7, О1, О4, О9, O41 O8, О2; Salmonella — Enteritidis, Pullorum, Gallinarum, Typhimurium, Anatum, London, Infantis, Bredeney, Tsioque, Jawa, Montevideo, Kentucky.
Analyzing the antibiotic resistance of salmonella and escherichia to 32 antibiotics, it was found that the greatest resistance was shown to the groups of penicillins, linсosamides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.
As an alternative to antibiotics, citrate Ag and Zn had been proposed to prevent escherichiosis and poultry salmonellosis. It had been established that citrate Ag possessed bactericidal action against Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrate Zn — Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively.
The extremely safe concentrations of citrates had been determined based on the results of toxicological studies on white rats. The acute toxicity value for intragastric administration of Ag citrate for white rats (female) DL50 was 208.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, and males 216.0 ± 67.0 mg/kg. For intragastric administration of citrate Zn, DL50 was 200.0 ± 16.75 mg/kg for males and 195.84 ± 4.14 mg/kg for females, that the results of studies according to GOST 12.1.007-76 belong to the IV class of low-toxic substances, which, when externally and internally introduced into the body of experimental animals, had no apparent clinical signs of intoxication of local-irritating and skin-resorptive action on the skin surface of the investigated animals.
Therapeutic efficiency of Ag and Zn in the dose of 15 g/250 sm3 of water for 5 days after experimental Escherichia had been shown, which allowed obtaining 100% preservation of chickens other than antibacterial preparations (florfenicol and amosocillin clavulanate), where the percentage of recovered chickens had been 90%. In experimental salmonellosis, the efficiency of citrate ions in combination with organic acids in a dose of 15 g with 5 g of organic acids per 1 dm3 of water, where the survivors of chickens had been 90% compared with the groups, where the drugs had not been used, only 50% of chickens survived. After prescribing Zn and Ag drugs to chickens suffered on the Escherichia the decreasing of disease had been observed: erythrocytes — in 2.3 times, leukocytes — in 2.0–2.2 times, eosinophils — in 1.5–2.2 times, monocytes — in 1.7–1.5 times, lymphocytes — in 2.7–5.0 times, basophiles — in 1.8 times according to the control (5.60 ± 0.78%, p ˂ 0,05). It probably (p ˂ 0,001) increased of bactericidal activity of serum in 2.5 times and lymphocytic activity of serum in 5.3 times in comparison with control (5.25 ± 0.42, p ˂ 0.001). In salmonella chickens, the normalization of the number of red blood cells and leukocytes had been observed during the combination of ions of citrate Ag and Zn with organic acids. Thus, the number of erythrocytes decreased by 2.5 times, leukocytes — in 1.6 (Zn + org. acids) and 1.8 (Ag + org. acids) times, according to control (62.24 ± 1.40, p ˂ 0.05). The level of monocytes had been decreased by 1.3 (Zn + org. acids) and 1.8 (Ag + org. acids) times, eosinophils — in 2 and 1.8 (Zn + and Ag + org. acids) times. The level of lymphocytes was 3.5 and 3.3 times lower than control (60.23 ± 2.14%, p ˂ 0.01). The level of hemoglobin was in the range in all experimental groups (91.82 ± 2.05, 90.84 ± 2.23, 93.40 ± 1.99, 89.94 ± 2.28 g/l). In the case of bactericidal activity of serum its growth had been observed at 2.2 (Zn + org. acids) and 2.3 (Ag + org. acids) times compared with control (26.40 ± 0.62) lymphocytic activity of serum increased by 4.6 and 4.7 times.
