Palamar V. Formation of safety of natural leather using montmorillonite

The dissertation work is dedicated to the commodity research study of the formation of indicators of quality and safety of natural leather with the use of modified montmorillonite. The proposed modification of montmorillonite by compounds of anionic and cationic nature, which provides a high level of dispersion of montmorillonite, a change in the charge of the surface of the mineral and its rheological properties. The efficiency of modification of montmorillonite has been proved and the expediency of using mineral dispersions for qualitative formation of the structure and properties of the leather during tanning has been established. The regularities of the occurrence of chemical and physicochemical interactions of the surface of montmorillonite with collagen of the dermis due to the formation of numerous hydrogen and coordination bonds with the participation of ionized carboxyl, amino, ether and peptide groups of protein and active modifiers groups are scientifically substantiated. It has been shown that the introduction of montmorillonite at the tanning stage provides the appearance of additional active centers in the dermis structure, which determine the more effective interaction of chromium compounds with derma collagen and, accordingly, better structuring of the dermis with minimal ecological stress on the environment. This ensures a high level of thermal stability of the connections, which is confirmed by a decrease in the rate of thermal destruction. The efficiency of using modified montmorillonite is proved to be combined with the chromium tannin at the stage of leather tanning, realized by partial replacement of chromium compounds at tanning with the reduction of chrome tanning amount. The method of multicriteria optimization determines the compromise area of the amount of materials for leather tanning and establishes the optimal limits of quality indices, which are characterized by high temperature of shrinking of the leather, reduced rigidity, effective interaction of chromium compounds with derma collagen due to the presence of high-level particles of montmorillonite. The safety of natural leather at all stages of the life cycle has been assessed and the environmental quality of their production has been determined as a result of a decrease in the actual mass of unused chromium oxide when introduced into the production of chrome tanning of the leather using montmorillonite. It has been established that the use of dispersions of montmorillonite contributes to a sharp decrease in the content of unused chromium oxide (III) that enters the sewage of leather enterprises, which improves the ecological situation in production and increases the level of safety of finished leather. The effectiveness of creating the safety of natural leather at all stages of the life cycle is justified by increasing the level of leather safety; the level of environmental production; the degree of absorption of chromium compounds; the effectiveness of forming the structure of the leather; Quality Score economic efficiency of production; partial replacement of chromium compounds during tanning. At the same time, the negative impact on the environment of leather production and the disposal of harmful compounds is ensured; amount of chromium compounds in the manufacture of leather; production costs for cleaning waste liquids; indicators of biological and chemical oxygen consumption. To conclude, the research results are introduced into the production process of leather tanning with the combined use of chromium compounds and modified montmorillonite, and the effectiveness of the formation of the structure and indicators of the quality of natural leather s is demonstrated by the level of economic effect from the introduction. The novelty of technical solutions is confirmed by the patent of Ukraine.