Object - morphofunctional changes of islets of pancreas of mature rats with Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its conservative prevention; the aim of the study - was to establish the patterns of morphofunctional changes of the islets of pancreas in rats during streptotrozotocin diabetes mellitus with its conservative prevention; methods - the following methods were used for study: experimental, histological, electron microscopic, morphometric, biochemical, statistical; results - the complex histological, injection, electron microscopic, morphometric, biochemical and statistical methods showed the patterns of morphofunctional changes of the islets of pancreas in rats and intact animals with Diabetes mellitus and its conservative prevention; to improve visual study of endocrinocytes of the islets of pancreas without the use of costly immunohistochemical methods, we modified the aniline blue-orange-G color, which allowed us to identify insulinocytes and glucagonocytes at the light-optical level; we also modified Mallory staining for the visual study of smooth myocytes in the vascular wall; for the first time, several methods of the conservative prevention of diabetes were developed, one of these methods was based on the induction of exenatide to the animals, the novelty was the drug used in severe insulin deficiency of rats, clinically corresponded to the human type I diabetes, at a dose of 0,04 mcg/ 100 g of a body weight per day; the second method was based on the treatment of diabetes with prolonged subcutaneous induction of insulin glargin at a dose of 1 U / kg of a body weight per day in the morning 30 minutes before meal; the third method was based on the polytherapy with two antidiabetic drugs: in the morning insulin glargine was injected subcutaneously to the animals, and in the evening exenatide was given them; in order to prevent the development of hypoglycaemia in combination therapy with two drugs, the dose of exenatide was half - 0,02mcg / kg of a body weight per day; new data showed the improved course of diabetes with the use of studied drugs, for example, long-term insulin injections stabilized carbohydrate metabolism, reducing the development of micro- and macroangiopathy; it was shown that the prolonged use of exenatide increased the proliferation of endocrinocytes, which was manifested by the increase in the number of insulinocytes, the appearance of small islets near the duct and the acinar-islet cells, it was established that the use of incretins in type I diabetes improved the general status of endocrinocytes of the islets, however, carbohydrate metabolism improved less than with the use of substitutive insulin therapy.
