The dissertation is devoted to the study of the influence the chemicalization process on the life and health of the agricultural workers of the USSR as a result of the socio-economic, socio-political factors and state policy regarding the chemicalization at the agricultural lands of the USSR in 1950s-1970s.
On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the historical sources, historiographic acquisitions and modern methodological and conceptual approaches, the course and consequences of the wide introduction intensive chemicals in the agricultural sector during the specified period are revealed. It has been proved that in the Soviet and post-Soviet period, a significant number of the episodes related to the problem of the negative impact agricultural chemicals on the life of the workers at the industry in the late 1950s and 1970s were investigated. The accent is made, because of the historiographic space of the modern national science this problem continues to be studied with insufficient completeness, there are no special national development in it.
The political and socioeconomic circumstances of the chemicalization agriculture in the Ukrainian SSR at the end 1950's and 70's of the 20th century were shown, in particular, the politically determined nature of the bulk agricultural chemicals was determined and the processes of the logistical and organizational implementation at the "big chemistry" in the countryside were observed economy of the Ukrainian SSR.
Systemic analysis of the development in the chemical industry and the process of increasing its production capacity. The state of the implementation in the chemicalization of the agriculture of Ukraine is revealed, the main problems of modernization in the chemical industry are revealed. It has been determined that, despite the high rates of the development, the chemical industry in the 1950s still didn't meet the growing needs of the national economy in mineral fertilizers and chemical means of the plant protection.
The emphasis is placed on finding out the state of the work organization when dealing with mineral fertilizers and plant protection products in the agriculture. It is noted that in general, in the USSR at the end of 1950's and 1970's, gradually introduced more advanced technologies for the introduction of the chemical preparations and the measures were taken to automate work related to the movement of the poisonous substances in order to reduce the risk of poisoning workers involved in the work with mineral fertilizers and plant protection products.
The destructive influence of the forced chemicalization on the demographic situation in the Ukrainian village is determined. The state study of the occupational hygiene with pesticides and mineral fertilizers, their influence on the human health and the environment by Soviet scientists and hygiene physicians is considered. Their contribution on the preventing and preventing negative consequences of the chemicalization at the agricultural workers is disclosed.
Structured main directions of process chemicals harmful effects of agriculture on the health of the rural population, is considered negative impact of chemicals that were used in agriculture and revealed major shortcomings of process chemicals in agriculture. It has been determined that, despite all the developed sanitary and hygienic standards, rules of safety and industrial sanitation, other measures developed by hygiene practitioners, chemicals used in agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, often caused the deterioration of the collective farm workers' well-being, the appearance of the various diseases, and in some cases - limiting disability, gaining disability or lethal consequences.
Considerable attention is paid to the illumination of the chemistry as a destructive factor of health of women-workers. The influence of the chemation at the women's health, which was involved in agricultural work, was clarified. Objectively, it was estimated that at that time, it was impossible to identify the degree of toxicity in the body by medical research, so many women received late medical assistance, which in the future negatively affected the reproductive function of women.
The materials and results of the field research on the influence chemical agents on workers of the agricultural sector as an important source of the information for understanding the scale and severity of the consequences at the widespread use of pesticides for the health and life of farmers and the all population of Ukraine are shown.
