Kovalchuk O. Formation of seed productivity and seed quality of winter triticale seeds in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The object of research is the process of formation of seed productivity and sowing qualities of seeds of the triticale varieties of winter plants of various originating institutions in the soil and climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Western Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate, develop and improve methodological approaches to the evaluation and selection of varieties of various originating institutions, the formation of seed productivity (5.0 t/ha) and high seed quality of winter triticale seeds and to offer the most productive ones for growing in the zone of risky seed-growing of the forest-steppe of Western Ukraine. Research methods are general scientific. Genotypes of the triticale of winter crops of different ecological type are investigated in the zone of risky seed growing in the Forest-steppe of Western Ukraine and their reaction to the conditions of external factors is fixed. Specific features of plant growth and development, accumulation of carbohydrates in tillering nodes, their hibernation, resistance to damage caused by pathogens, leaf surface formation and the net productivity of photosynthesis, the duration of development phases are established. Indicators of seed productivity (yield, multiplication factor, yield of conditional seeds), seed quality of seeds and its fractional composition were determined. Variability of vegetative and generative attributes of varieties and their influence on selection indices are revealed. The effect of the enzyme-mycosis depletion of the grain on the decrease in the mass of 1000 seeds, the energy of germination of seeds and the laboratory germination for plant overrun on the root for 4, 8, 12 days is substantiated. The varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of the middle-ripening group are distinguished: Obry Myronivsky, Markiyan, Molfar, which, in the zone of the Forest-steppe of the West under the basic conventional cultivation technology, provided yields of: 0.17 t/ha yield, 2.8% yield of conditional seeds, 2.9 g - the mass of 1000 seeds, 2.6% - the yield of large and middle fractions of seeds and resistance to enzyme-mycosis grain depletion. An economic and bioenergetic assessment is given of the growing of seeds of highly productive varieties of winter triticale. The results of the research were carried out in the state enterprise of the experimental farm "Radekhovskoe" of the Radekhiv district of the Lviv region on an area of 100 hectares. The economic effect amounted to 9.0-10.0 thousand grn./ha. The sphere of use is agricultural production.