Okhrymovych M. Investment safety of Ukraine: diagnostics of the state and mechanisms of its provision

The research deals with solving scientific problems related to the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the diagnosis of the state of investment safety of Ukraine and the implementation of organizational and economic and institutional mechanisms for its strengthening. The theoretical and methodological foundations of Ukraine's investment safety and the features of its subjective provision are investigated. The formal and doctrinal approaches to the interpretation of the investment safety of the state from the point of view of the actual challenges to the economic development of Ukraine are outlined. It has been established that the implementation of threats to the country's economic safety is preceded by a number of catalysts, in particular the risks of the probable nature of the adverse phenomenon and the challenges that are interpreted as potential safety barriers. Investment safety is considered as a priority component of the country's economic safety, focused on solving strategic and tactical tasks related to the search for sources of investment resources, their maximum returns to meet national economic interests and counteract the emerging threats. The hierarchical levels of formation of a favorable investment environment have been created. Their influence on the investment potential of Ukraine and the processes of ensuring the investment safety of the state has been established. Monitoring of investment safety indicators of the state enabled to identify potential "danger zones", as well as to determine the conditions necessary for strengthening the state's economic immunity in the investment sphere. The state of investment safety of Ukraine on the basis of the integrated estimation methodology, the dynamics of key indicators of investment safety and its integral index are analyzed and the forecast for its near future is presented. When analyzing the determinants of Ukraine's investment safety, the author proved that some of the investment income in Ukraine is of dubious origin and is an element of the criminal schemes, the purpose of which is legalization of costs gained in a criminal way. The largest influence among criminal factors in terms of foreign investment was observed in 2017 (value – 0.22%), a similar situation with the share of the established amount of legalized funds and property acquired in a criminal way in the GDP of Ukraine – 0.64%. An in-depth analysis of analytical sources has shown that the most popular tools used to legalize criminal incomes are the use of foreign economic operations, including investments. International experience in protecting national economic interests in the investment sphere implies pluralism of economic algorithms for achieving an investment boom. The generalization of successful practices for Ukraine declares the need to rationalize the investment structure with an emphasis on the domestic investor; development of technological innovations; provision of a guarantee of insurance of investment risks; differentiation of tax burden. The developed conceptual model of application of the mechanisms of ensuring the investment safety of Ukraine reflects the close synergies of the investment component with the system of economic safety, which defines the limits of the application of institutional and organizational and economic mechanisms on the way from the formation of an investment environment to the realization of the investment objective. The localization of the proposed mechanisms facilitates elimination of additional obstacles in the investment safety process and eliminates the formal approaches to its implementation. Stimulating the factors of ensuring Ukraine's investment safety under the conditions of European integration processes requires the consolidation of efforts of state institutions in the direction of adaptation of domestic investment legislation; creation of proper institutional mechanisms in order to provide a system for protecting the rights of investors; stimulating factors of investment attractiveness of regions of Ukraine in order to attract additional sources of investment; general announcement and support for the implementation of joint cultural and scientific projects.