Goncharenko O. Efficiency of selection methods in the basic seed production of variety winter wheat varieties under various growing conditions in the South of Ukraine

Object of study – selection methods and their effectiveness in the primary (basic) seed production of soft winter wheat. Aim – to determine the effectiveness of individual-family and mass selection of typical plants of different varieties of soft winter wheat from crops with different thicknesses, from different dates of sowing for a couple and under irrigation conditions. Methods – field - for phenological observations, visual assessments, biometric analyzes, yield determination; laboratory - to determine the structure of sowing qualities by morphological characteristics and yield, seed quality; statistical and analytical - to determine the parameters of variability, correlations and assessments of the reliability of research results. Results – based on the results of the studies conducted Science-methodical ambush in the development of the high-altitude wheat have been developed and published. Found that to improve selection in primary seeds production winter wheat backgrounds should use the following growing mother plants, seeds rate – 5.0-7.0 million similar seeds per hectare sowing – September 25 - October 5 and irrigation. To ensure high varietal purity (propagation in nurseries) Overhead panels elite mass plant crops recommended for high reproductions – breeding nurseries, super. In the nursery breeding new varieties to improve seed multiplication factor to 2.0-3.0 times appropriate to apply wide-range sowing, tape and string with low sowing rate of seed (2.0 million per ha) and irrigation. In elite-seed farms of different groups need to create optimum thickened crops sowing rate of 4.5-5.0 million per ha under optimum sowing time that the structure phytocenotic provide a larger share of the main stems of uniform seed. Implementing measures developed allows for the use of mass selection shorten the seed production of winter wheat soft for 2-3 years. Novelty – for the first time in the conditions of southern Ukraine, it has been established that the effectiveness of individual and mass selections in the primary (basic) seed production of soft winter wheat depends on the characteristics of agrophytocenoses, which are created by seeding rates, sowing dates, and the level of soil moistening. The comparative effectiveness of individual-family and mass selections under various conditions of growing plants was investigated. It is proved that the number of selected elite plants does not significantly affect the variability of traits and the varietal purity of the descendants of selections in NS-1 and NS-2. The degree of correlation relations of productivity indicators in nurseries of tests of the first and second years is studied. The scientific value – improved methodological approaches to the use of mass selection on crops of mother plants of high reproductions, which allows for 2-3 years to accelerate the production of wheat elite soft winter. Sector – agriculture.