Antonov O. Increasing the operational efficiency of natural and waste water softening

The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the topical issue - the development and implementation of economical, efficient, resource-saving electromembrane methods of water softening. The technology for obtaining a low-budget industrial anode has been developed. It has been established that in the generation of alkali by membrane electrolysis, the efficiency of current use to a large extent depends on the pH of the catholyte and, to a lesser extent, on the density of the current. The mathematical model of the dependence of the use of current on the parameters of electrolysis is derived. Electromembrane treatment reduces water hardness to 0.4 mg∙ekv/cu dm (4.5 - 6 times more efficient than reagent soda-lime treatment). The sediments obtained as a result of electromembrane water softening have better filtering properties than reactants. High sulfur content and CОD in sewage (mine water, waste water of hydraulic fracturing and formation water) do not affect the process of electromembrane softening. The cost of electromembrane softening was 0,39 – 0,29 USD/cu m, which is 11.4% – 31% lower than the indicators for chemical softening. The schemes of the electromembrane water softening process and the design of the electromembrane apparatus have been developed for industrial implementation.