Chuyan I. Czech ethnic minority of Ukraine: features of daily life, mentality and socio-cultural transformations (20-30 years of XX century)

The thesis is devoted to a comprehensive study of the problem of everyday life, mentality and socio-cultural transformations of the Czech minority of Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The domestic and foreign historiography of the problem has been analyzed, the base of work has been identified, the theoretical and methodological basis of the study has been characterized. The influence of historical and political circumstances and socio-demographic situation on the formation of everyday life and worldview of the Czech minority of Ukraine has been determined. It is alleged that the Soviet government as a result of dispossession destroyed the institution of the community in the Czech village, as well as shook the foundations of the traditional Patriarchal family. The family everyday life of the Czech minority is investigated. The motives of marriage in Czech communities, the features of traditional wedding ceremonies, the relationship between a man and a woman within the family (in particular, in the distribution of economic functions), the nature of women's dependence on men and the activities of the Soviet authorities aimed at eliminating this phenomenon from married life are determined. The ways to design and organization of the Czech minority the environment of residence, food preferences of the Czechs, the terms and conditions of supply during the famine and particularly the use of clothes have been researched. The relations of the Czechs with the authorities and the attitude of the Bolsheviks to the transformation of the established forms of socio-economic relations in rural areas have been reconstructed. It is proved that the changes in everyday life that resulted from the planned actions of the Soviet authorities were perceived by the Czechs with caution, because they did not meet their mentality. The features of Czech education have been studied, the attitude of the Czech minority to religion and its participation in Church life has been characterized. It is argued that the Czechs differed by indifferent attitude to religion and high education, to what, in addition to the traditional propensity to learn, the growth of the network of national schools contributed. It is shown that the basis of the production activity of the Czech minority was agricultural work, which during the NEP was a means of obtaining entrepreneurial income, and after collectivization began to be used to meet the needs of the state. The article deals with the peculiarities of the Czech minority leisure activities, which during the interwar period incorporated both traditional ways of filling free time, and the elements introduced by the Soviet power.