Yanovska S. Psychological Structure of Entrepreneurial Activity in Small Business

The dissertation is devoted to native Ukrainian business research as an independent social and psychological phenomenon. The object of the work is to deepen theoretical ideas about the structure of entrepreneurial activity and to develop on this basis a program of psychological development and increasing the efficiency of representatives of Ukrainian small business entrepreneurial activity. The research was implemented with the participation of 294 people who are entrepreneurs and employees and built in three stages, in such a way that the first stage (1996-2004) was devoted to comparative analysis of entrepreneurs and persons who are not engaged to the entrepreneurial activity, on the second (2010-2014) - a comparative analysis of two entrepreneurs generations has been carried out and the place of entrepreneurial activity in the structure of a person's way of life is determined, the third (2015-2017 years) - the development program of entrepreneurial activity was done. The structural and functional model of entrepreneurial activity was created in this work using which the phenomenon of entrepreneurship is considered on the basis of the system-forming feature of its functioning. In the structure of entrepreneurial activity, three components are distinguished: personal, social and professional. The personal component is represented by personality traits that are personal prerequisites for the entrepreneurial potential implementation; the social component reflects the entrepreneur personality through its connections with the social environment: a new social status and self-cost; the professional component is related to entrepreneurship as a kind of professional implementation of the personality and includes barriers to entrepreneurship, subjective risk perception and professional entrepreneurial experience. It is proved that the basis of the entrepreneurial activity realization is high intelligence, high self-esteem and confidence in their capabilities, openness and directness in communication, ability to trust and commitment to non-standard decisions, risky operations, creative potential and ability to spontaneity. Top values for entrepreneurs have material values. The social component of entrepreneurial activity is represented by a new social status, which in the entrepreneur is characterized by a higher level of integrity, as well as material and subjective components. In the professional component of entrepreneurial activity, the presence of higher readiness for entrepreneurship among entrepreneurs was noted, which was expressed in lower indicators of psychological barriers to entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of two generations of Ukrainian entrepreneurs has been carried out in the work: those who began their activities in the 1990s and after 2005. The main differences are in the growing role of communicative properties and the weakening of the regulatory role of professional growth values. The changes in the increase of the severity of the barriers of autonomy and achievements and the reduction of the barrier of susceptibility to the new ones are revealed. It is noted that new entrepreneurs estimate the subjective risk level as lower and change the meaningful value of risk as loss of social and personal prestige.