The dissertation is devoted to the research of the influence of various doses of germanium citrate obtained by nanotechnology methods and chemical synthesis, on the activity of immune, antioxidant, detoxification and reproductive systems of the rats organism of different generations; clarification of immune-physiological influence of various germanium citrate doses; establishment of age, reproductive and systemic features of their influence at long-term application during pregnancy, lactation, breastfeeding period, physiological and reproductive maturation, embryonic and fetal development. The stimulating effect of low and average doses of
nanogermanium citrate, obtained by the nanotechnology method was established on immune physiological and hematological parameters of the organism, and also on inhibiting – at high dose application. Chemically synthesized germanium citrate has an inhibitory effect at action of 200 µg Ge on the content of immune globulins, glycoproteins and their carbohydrate components in the blood of F0 rats, as well as the growth and development of the organism and individual organs in F1 females. The regulatory influence of the applied doses of germanium citrate on the ontogenetic development of young rats in two generations and less expressed on the internal organs indices according to the coefficients of the heart, liver, kidneys, testicular, lungs, and spleen masses were proved. For the first time new data was obtained on the histological structure of the immune system organs of rats at the long-term influence of various doses of germanium citrate, and the connection of changes in physiological and biochemical parameters of blood and tissues with morphological and structural features of these organs structure was noted. The dose-dependent influence of germanium citrate on the reproductive ability of rat females of F0 and F1 generations, resistance, viability and ontogenetic development of their young rats during 2-4.5 months of life was proved. Based on the determination of Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and Ge content in rat tissues, the regulatory influence of germanium citrate in the applied doses on their distribution in tissues and organs of rats dependence of the content of these elements on the dose and method of synthesis of germanium citrate was determined.
The application of different germanium citrate doses in females of two generations of rats caused regulatory influence on the immune physiological and antioxidant state of the organism. Influence of germanium citrate in F0 female rats was characterized by a decrease in blood aminotransferase activity, concentration of Ca, P, triacylglycerols, creatinine – at action of 200 and 2000 µg, with an increase at the action of 10 and 20 µg Ge, as well as the content of phenolsulphates and phenolglucuronides in liver, kidney and muscles at action of 20 µg Ge. In the blood of F1 females, a significantly lower Ca content at action of 10, 20 and 200 µg Ge; and albumin and triacylglycerols was detected - at the action of 2000 µg Ge against the background of higher P content in animals receiving 10 and 20 µg of Ge.
Application of germanium citrate increased the multiplicity of F0 female rats fertility at action of 20, 200 and 2 000 µg Ge (P <0.001), but the preservation of young rats at 20 and 40th days was lower in comparison to control in all experimental groups, with the lowest values at the action of 2000 µg Ge. In F1 females, a decrease in preimplantation was observed, but an increase in post-implantation and total embryonic lethality at action of 200 and 2,000 µg Ge, which resulted in a decrease in the number of live fetuses in females receiving 2000 µg Ge.
Application of different doses of germanium citrate resulted in a corrective effect on the state of the immune system of the F1 male organism, with an increase in the content of medium molecules in the blood at the age of 2-2.5 months. At the age of 4-4.5 months, higher blood levels of immune globulins, sialic acids, and medium-molecules, but lower, in circulating immune complexes at action of 10, 20 and 2000 µg Ge was established.
