The effectiveness of breeding depends largely on the selection of pairs for hybridization. Even knowing the signs of parental forms, it is impossible to predict what the combination ability in hybrid combinations. In this regard, a more reliable criterion for the assessment of parental forms in self-pollinators is the experimental determination of their overall combining ability, which is determined by the additive effects of genes in offspring, from such crosses, transgressions appear on one or another of these features.
Varieties of the Ukrainian gene pool were used for the research: Kharkivska 26, Kharkivska 30, Elehiia Myronivska, Artemovka, Kharkivska 93, Rannia 73, Dniprianka, Luhanska 4, Kharkivska 16, Rannia 93, Kolektyvna 3, Skorospilka 95, Kharkivska 28, Kharkivska 10, Skorospilka 98. Varieties of the Russian gene pool: Tselynnaia 20, Pysar, Bezenchukskaia 98, Novosybyrskaia 67, Omskaia 9, Krasa, Altaiskaia 92, Altaiskyi prostor, Variah, L.505, YuV 2, YuV 3, Tuba, Saratovskaia 62, Volhouralskaia, Saratovskaia 58. Varieties of the Western European Gene Pool: Aintree, Saitana 27, Catriso, Touko, Jara, Janus, Solo, Felix, Typic, Amor, Munk, Triso, Svalofs fero, Weibulls Aglot, Weibulls Sappo, Selpek, Sunnan. Canadian gene pool: Glen lea, AC Barue, CDC Teal, Domain, Alsa, AC Superb, HU-644, Alsen. Varieties of the Central American Genetic Pool: LIRA/BAC, SW89.5181/KAUZ, Chen/Ae.SQ.-(TAUS)//BCN/3/Wee#7, Site/MO/3/ Vorona/BAU//BAU, Site/MO/4/NAC/tnac//-3*PVN/3/Mirlo/BUC, CNDO/ R143//ENTE3/MEXI 2/3/, Chen/Ae.SQ.(TAUS)-//BCN/3/2* KAUZ, TRAP1/BOW, CROS1/AE.SQ.(205)//KAUZ/3/ATTILA, SNB//CMN79A.955/3*CNO79/ 3/ATTILA, Weaver/4/NAC/TH.AC.//3-*PVN/3/MICRO/BUC, BOW/USER //2*Weaver/3/BOW/PRL//BUC, BABAX/-LR39//BABAX, BABAX/LR43//BABAX, PBW65/2*Seri 18, BUC/PRL//Weaver, ORL 91256, Bethlehem, KENYA Chiriku, OPATA/Rayon//KAUZ, Printa, ALDAN/ias58//OPATA, MEXIQUE 45, WSB 93, IBW SN 74, CHOIX M 95, MINNESOTA, FOX, NORIN 75.
Subsequently, samples of spring wheat of each gene pool were crossed according to the scheme of topcross with local varieties of analyzers of different types: Odeska 16 - a tall extensively type; Odeska 267 - tall, semi-intensive type; Victoria od. and Kuyalnik are middle-tell highly-intensive type; Kyriia is a semi-dward, high-intensity type.
Consequently, in general, the research methodology was consistent with the objectives and ensured the receipt of reliable research results.
It was established that the autumn-sown seeding period is especially optimal and dynamic for spring samples, under the condition of mild winters. The question now becomes of using in the production of two-handed varieties because even in the best years of spring wheat cannot form a yield at the level of winter, or even two-handed.
In order to obtain more frost-tolerant lines, it is advisable to use hybridization models of the Russian, Mexican and Western European origin pools. However, the highest yield of frost-resistant forms is observed in winter-spring hybrids with the participation of winter varieties: Odeska 267, Kyriia, and spring wheat: Triso, Altaiskyi prostor, TRAP1/BOW.
According to the results of the conducted studies, it can be argued that the best lines with a combination of optimal vernalization needs and photoperiodic sensitivity were the lines obtained from the combinations: Kharkivska 26 × Kyriia, Triso × Kuialnyk, Triso × Kyriia, Altaiskyi prostor × Odeska267, Volhouralskaia × Viktoriia od., Volhouralskaia × Kuialnyk , TRAP1/BOW × Kyriia, BABAX / LR39 // BABAX × Odeska 267, BABAX / LR39 // BABAX × Viktoriia od.
Genotypes of soft wheat can serve as valuable genetic sources of high quality of grain in the breeding of soft winter wheat. By hybridization of local winter varieties with spring varieties, the best donor characteristics on the basis of baking quality characteristics of the grain are varieties: Altaiskyi proctor, Volhouralskaia, Triso, BABAX/LR39//BABAX. From the spring-winter hybrids with the participation of these samples, transgressive recombinant lines are selected for the quality of the grain. The final result of recombinant degeneration and the release of valuable genotypes largely depend on the genetic features of the winter component of crosses.
Key words: soft wheat, varieties, lines, intraspecific hybridization, breeding value, spring-winter hybrids, varietal analyzers, frost resistance, yield.
