The thesis presents theoretical generalization and new approaches to solving the scientific problem, which is revealed in the disclosure of the features of professional estrangement of employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
Professional estrangement of employees of the SES is a loss of identification with the profession and the professional community as a whole, which is manifested in the change of the professional «I-concept» as a system connected with the evaluation of the rescuer's ideas about himself as an individual and the subject of extreme professional activity.
352 SES employees were participating in the study. With the help of data clustering, three groups of respondents were identified: Group 1 – employees who identify with the profession; Group 2 – employees with signs of professional estrangement; Group 3 – employees with an undefined professional identity. Such division allowed us to further study the features of the manifestation of professional estrangement.
The study helped us identify four areas of manifestation of professional estrangement of SES employees:
- personal characteristics of subjects who identify themselves with the profession are fundamentally different from the personal qualities of subjects with signs of professional estrangement. The latter are not part of the common cause in the collective, they are passive, depressed, irresponsible, indecisive, pessimistic, helpless, unfriendly, closed, irritated and distrustful. In professional activity, it usually shows in the form of lack of initiative and devotion during emergency situations;
- motivational structure of rescuers' personality with the signs of professional estrangement allows us to state that they are disrespectful to the profession, to the process, content, conditions and organization of work, to their collective and their own professional results. Rescuers with professional estrangement have low professional motivation, as they do not identify with professional activity;
- the following features are observed in the sphere of values and meanings: rescuers with professional estrangement are removing themselves from reality, do not consider it necessary to enrich their knowledge and are dissatisfied with their professional activity. They lack an understanding of the importance of the value of ‘health’, which hinders the achievement of many needs and goals, both in society and their professional life. These professionals make choices according to their desires, interests, and goals based on knowledge of objective reality. Individual value profiles of employees with the signs of professional estrangement do not match, that is, their values of normative ideals and values of individual priorities are different;
- features of professional estrangement in the cognitive sphere make it possible for us to state that such workers subjectively perceive an image of the rescuer as an employee who is less disciplined, responsible, motivated, cohesive, initiative, and is more depressed. They consider their profession to be less prestigious. The study of self-identification with professionally important concepts of employees of the SES showed the following: for workers with the signs of professional estrangement, level of identification between their own personality as well as professionalism and the system of the SES itself, with job of a rescuer is considerably reduced. The loss of professional identity causes the awareness of non-belonging to professional morality and the destruction of socially significant professional structures.
The results of the research made it possible to develop programs of psychological prevention and psychocorrection of professional estrangement among employees of SES. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results obtained after psycho-correction made it clear that the developed psycho-correction program was very effective.
